水肥耦合及其对水稻生长与N素利用效率的影响研究进展

摘要

在农业水资源的日益紧缺下，为了减少水稻的灌溉用水和肥料高效利用以实现水稻稳产高产，综述了国内外水肥耦合的研究进展、水肥耦合的概念及其协同、拮抗、叠加三种效应，水肥耦合的机理、水肥耦合对水稻生长发育及产量品质的影响、水肥耦合对水稻中 N素利用效率的影响；展望了中国目前在水肥耦合研究方面可以提升的空间，提出了水肥耦合模式是争取水稻高产优质的有效措施，以及如何根据实际需要，运用"以水促肥、以肥调水"，建立合理的水肥耦合模式，提高水肥利用效率，在节约灌溉用水和不增加施肥量的前提下达到既保证作物优质高产又减少环境污染的双重效果，为今后节水农业及水稻的田间栽培和管理提供理论与技术依据。%At present, the shortage of agricuItural water resources is worsening. In order to reduce the rice irrigation water and improve the utiIization of fertiIizers so as to achieve the high and stabIe yielding of rice, this report reviewed the research advances in water and fertiIizer coupIing, the conception of water and fertiIizer cou-pIing and its three kinds of effects (synergy, antagonism, superposition), mechanism of water and fertiIizer coupIing, effects of water and fertiIizer coupIing on growth, deveIopment, yield and quality of rice and effects of water and fertiIizer coupIing on utiIization rate of nitrogen in rice. In addition, the deveIopment prospects of water and fertiIizer coupIing in China were described. It was proposed that the water and fertiIizer coupIing mode is an effective measure to achieve the high yield and quality of rice. According to actual demand, referring to the ideas of promoting fertiIizer with water and reguIating water with fertiIizer, reasonabIe water and fertiIizer cou-pIing mode can be estabIished, thereby improving the utiIization efficiencies of water and fertiIizer. In the premise of saving irrigation water and no increasing fertiIization amount, both high yielding and Iess poI ution can be achieved, providing theoretical and technical basis for water-saving agricuIture and cuItivation and management of rice in future.