不同模式下春玉米物质生产与群体光合性能研究

摘要

[目的]构建高产春玉米良好的群体结构，提高春玉米光能利用率，充分发挥春玉米的增产潜力。[方法]在大田试验条件下，从玉米品种、密度和肥料管理方面研究了3种模式（农户模式、优化模式、高产模式）对春玉米物质生产与群体光合生理指标的影响。[结果]优化模式和高产模式较农户模式分别增产10.79%、27.62%，秃尖长度显著减少。3种模式的叶面积指数（LAI），群体光合势（LAD），干物质累积（DMA）以及生长率（CGR）规律依次为高产模式＞优化模式＞传统模式。[结论]优化品种、合理增密以及加强养分资源管理是春玉米获得高产的关键措施。%ln order to construct a good population structure, improve the light energy utilization ratio, and give a ful play to the high-yielding potential of spring maize, the effects of maize variety, planting density and fertilizer management on matter production and population photosynthetic physiological indices of spring maize were investigated under three different modes (traditional mode, optimized mode and high-yielding mode). The results showed that compared with those under the traditional mode, the yield of spring maize under the optimized mode and high-yielding mode was increased by 10.79% and 27.62%, respectively, and the barren tip length was reduced significantly. Among the three modes, the leaf area index (LAl), leaf area duration (LAD), dry matter accumulation (DMA) and crop growth rate (CGR) al ranked as high-yielding mode's>optimized mode's>traditional mode's. ln conclusion, optimized variety, appropriately increased planting density and strengthened fertilizer management are the key measures to obtain high yield of spring maize.