黑龙江省水稻高产实践与技术分析

摘要

为了明确影响黑龙江省水稻生产的因素与各因素之间的相互影响,笔者剖析了几十年来黑龙江省水稻主栽品种的生产力、特征特性与产量构成因素,以及品种的耐肥性.黑龙江省水稻生产基本分为4个增长阶段,各阶段主栽品种分别为‘合江19号’、‘合江23号’、‘空育131’与‘龙粳31’.分析发现,这4个代表不同时期的主栽品种的产量构成四因素中,每穗粒数、结实率与千粒重变化不大,每穗粒数的增加是持续再创高产的关键因素.同时品种的抗病性与抗倒伏性以及吸肥能力依次增强.通过分析阐明在育种方面应致力于增加每穗粒数,在栽培方面应增施有机肥料,提高氮肥利用率.%To clarify the influencing factors of rice production and interaction among the factors in Heilongjiang Province,the productivity,characteristics and yield components and fertilizer tolerability of main rice cultivars in Heilongjiang for decades were analyzed.The rice production was divided into four basic growth stages,and the representative cultivars of each stage were Hejiang 19,Hejiang 23,Kongyu 131 and Longjing 31.The results showed that grain number per panicle,seed setting rate and thousand seed weight had no significant difference among yield components of the four main cultivars,the increase of grain number per panicle was the key factor of yield increasing.The disease resistance,lodging resistance and fertilizer absorption ability increased.By the analysis,the author suggested increasing the grain number per panicle in breeding,enhancing organic fertilizer application in cultivation and improving nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency.