旱地春小麦集雨补灌增产机制初探

摘要

Field experiment in central Gansu was conducted to study yield increasing mechanism of supplementing irrigation with catchment rainfall in dryland yield in 1998. The results showed that as compared with no irrigation, furrow irrigation before wheat sowing improved the sprouting rate of wheat, and increased young-ears number and grain number of each ear. Supplementary irrigation at the critical period of water requirement increased leaf area, chlorophyll content, ear number, weight of the spike-grain and kilo-grain, and dry weights of above ground and seed, therefore resulted in economic and biological yield increasing finally. Both average milking rate and maximum milking rate were main yield-increasing mechanism of supplementing irrigation with catchment rainfall in dryland field.%为查明集雨补灌对不同种植模式小麦的增产机理，于1998年在甘肃中部旱农区进行了田间试验。结果表明：少量灌水使沟播春小麦出苗率提高，小穗数及穗粒数增加；在植株生长的需水关键期补灌，小麦叶面积增大，叶绿素含量提高，地上部干物质及籽粒干物质积累量增加，有效小穗数及穗粒数增多，穗粒重及千粒重增大，最终经济产量和生物产量提高。籽粒平均灌浆速率和最大灌浆速率提高是旱田补灌作物增产的主要机制。