垄作和灌水量对河西绿洲灌区啤酒大麦的影响

摘要

在甘肃河西绿洲灌区,通过田间试验研究了不同栽培模式与灌溉量组合对啤酒大麦产量、水分利用效率(WUE)和土壤肥力的影响.结果表明:当灌溉量为330 mm时,垄作沟内覆草模式产量较对照增产695 kg/hm2,增产率为10.2%;在灌溉量为270 mm时,垄作和垄作沟内覆草处理较对照没有减产,可节水60 mm;不同栽培模式水分利用效率随灌溉量从210～330 mm增加呈现先增大后降低的趋势,且都在280 mm时达最大值,其中垄作沟内覆草模式能显著提升土壤养分含量,且水分利用效率最高,为17.57 kg/(mm·hm2).在河西内陆河灌区,垄作沟内覆草模式是啤酒大麦增产节水的最佳栽培模式.%In the irrigable areas in Hexi oasis of Gansu, study was made on yield, water use efficiency (WUE) and soil fertility in different irrigation and cultivation pattern combinations for malting barely. The results show that the ridge planting with furrow mulching increases the barley yield by 695 kg/bm2 caompared to traditional tillage and the rate of growth is 10.2％ when the irrigation amount is 330 mm. Compared with CK, ridge planting with furrow mulching treatment does not reduce the yield at 270 mm irrigation, while it can save water by 60 mm. The water use efficiency increases first and then shows a falling trend when irrigation amount increases from 210 ～ 330 mm, the maximum is in 280 mm,and the best is 17.57 kg/(mm·hm2) in ridge planting with furrow mulching. Ridge planting with straw mulching can significantly improve the soil nutrient content. So ridge planting with furrow mulching is the best water-saving cultivation mode for malting barely in the irrigable oasis.