不同锌肥对旱作马铃薯植株锌的吸收、积累与分配的影响

摘要

A field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of different kinds of zinc fertilizers (inorganic zinc sulfate and organic chelated zinc sugar alcohols ) on the absorption ,accumulation and distribution of Zn ,and the tu-ber yield of“Xin Da Ping”potato plants .The results showed that 35 days after the emergence ,obvious variations in zinc concentrations could be observed in all organs of potato plants .Three sprays during the growth period could significantly increase zinc concentrations and accumulations in various organs ,displaying the highest growth rate in leaves .Zinc sul-fate treatment (T2 ) and sugar alcohol treatment (T3 ) of zinc concentration in leaves reached the maximums 85 days and 75 days after emergence ,respectively .85 days after emergence ,zinc concentrations in leaves with T2 and T3 treatments were increased by 47 .88 mg·kg-1 and 72 .24 mg·kg-1 ,respectively ,and that with T3 was 24 .36 kg·mg-1 higher than that with T2 .Till the end of tuber growth ,zinc accumulations in leaves by T2 and T3 treatments were increased 1 .5 times and 4 times as much as that by T1 ,and zinc accumulations in the tubers were increased by 37 .5% and 49 .4%more than that by T1 .Applications of zinc fertilizer by increasing zinc concentrations in leaves of potato promoted photo-synthesis ,and consequently helped the growth and development of other organs ,ultimately improving the yield of tubers and yield of zinc .Tuber yields by T2 and T3 were increased by 10 .6% and 22 .5% more than that by T1 ,resulting in increases of zinc production by 26 .9% and 46% ,respectively .The technique“applying zinc fertilizer seed dressing and spraying”improved the ratio of zinc distribution in root and stem leaf ,and reduced the distribution ratio of zinc to tuber . Application of zinc fertilizer increased the transfer coefficient from the ground organs to the underground organs .Potato seed and leaf showed better absorption of small molecules of organic chelated zinc fertilizer sugar alcohol zinc than inor-ganic zinc sulfate zinc .%通过大田试验，研究了施用不同锌肥（无机硫酸锌和有机螯合态糖醇锌）对马铃薯“新大坪”植株锌的吸收、积累和分配以及对块茎产量的影响。结果表明：出苗后35 d即可观察到马铃薯植株各器官锌浓度的明显差异；在生育期进行的3次喷施显著提高了各器官的锌浓度和积累量，以叶片的增幅最大；硫酸锌处理（T2）和糖醇锌处理（T3）叶片的锌浓度分别于出苗后85 d和75 d达到峰值；出苗后85 d时，T2和T3处理叶片的锌浓度分别比对照（T1）提高了47．88 mg·kg－1和72．24 mg·kg－1，T3比T2提高了24．36 mg·kg－1。至块茎增长末期，T2和T3处理叶片的锌积累量分别比T1增加了1．5倍和4倍，块茎锌素积累量比T1增加37．5％和49．4％。施用锌肥后通过提高马铃薯叶片的锌浓度，促进了叶片的光合作用，进而促进了其它器官的生长发育，最终提高了块茎产量和锌产量， T2和T3处理的块茎产量分别比T1增加了10．6％和22．5％，锌产量分别增加了26．9％和46．0％。“拌种＋喷施”的锌肥施用技术法提高了锌向根和茎叶的分配率，降低了向块茎的分配率；施用锌肥提高了地上器官中向地下器官的转运系数。马铃薯种薯和叶片对小分子有机螯合态锌肥糖醇锌的吸收明显优于无机锌肥硫酸锌。