风云三号卫星有效载荷与地面应用系统概述

摘要

The payload on board the FengYun 3 (FY-3) satellite series has been providing critical observations to the Earth, and the observation data have been processed and distributed to various users by the corresponding ground application system. In this paper, the FY-3 payload and its future development plan are presented, and its ground system is introduced. The major characteristics of the FY-3 instruments and the requirement on the instruments for major applications are discussed as well. There are nine new instruments, including the Microwave Temperature Sounder (MWTS), Microwave Humidity Sounder (MWHS), Infrared Atmospheric Sounder (IRAS), Medium-Resolution Spectral Imager (MERSI), Microwave Radiation Imager (MWRI), Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Sounder, Total Ozone Unit, Solar Irradiation Monitor, and Earth Radiation Measurement. The data quality from the IRAS, MWTS, MWHS, and MWRI has proved to be good, and according to our evaluation at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), the data have a very high availability. The MERSI has 20 visible (VIS) and infrared (IR) channels, of which three are VIS channels with a 250m spatial resolution, one is a near-IR channel with a 250m spatial resolution, and one is a long-wave IR channel with a 250m spatial resolution. The global data at a 250m spatial resolution are very useful in weather, disaster, and environmental monitoring. Compared with the ground observations, the ozone products derived from the FY-3 series are highly accurate. We have completed the calibration and validation of these sensors and most products.%风云系列卫星搭载的有效载荷对地球进行了重要的观测。观测数据由相应的地面应用系统处理并分发给用户。介绍了风云三号卫星的有效载荷、地面系统以及未来的发展计划，同时也讨论了风云三号卫星仪器的主要特点与仪器面对主要应用的要求。风云三号卫星搭载有9个新仪器，包括微波温度探测仪（MWTS），微波湿度探测仪（MWHS），大气红外探测仪（IRAS），中分辨率光谱成像仪（MERSI），微波辐射成像仪（MWRI），太阳散射紫外线探测仪（SBUS），臭氧总量探测装置（TOU），太阳辐射监测仪（SIM）和地球辐射测量仪（ERM）。经验证，IRAS、MWTS、MWHS和MWRI等仪器获取的数据质量良好，根据在欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）所做的评估，这些数据有着很高的可用性。MERSI有20个可见光与红外通道，其中有3个空间分辨率为250m的可见光通道，一个空间分辨率为250m的近红外通道和一个空间分辨率为250m的长波红外通道。空间分辨率为250m的全球数据在天气、灾害和环境监测方面的应用十分广泛。与地面观测相比，来自风云三号卫星的臭氧产品精度更高。这些仪器和大部分产品的校准与验证工作已经完成。