The global prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is on the rise. Studies performed in the past two decades have unequivocally shown that several of the components of the metabolic syndrome are associated with indirect and direct markers of adrenergic overdrive. While diet and exercise are the first line of therapy for the treatment of the metabolic syndrome, pharmacological interventions targeting the sympathetic nervous system, either directly or indirectly, are also likely to be of benefit. Therefore, this article summarizes the sympathetic nervous system over-activity and its role in the development of the metabolic syndrome, and the use of renal denervation as a therapeutic treatment for hypertension.%代谢综合征的患病率在逐年上升.过去20年的研究证实,代谢综合征的大多组分都与交感神经系统的过度激活密切相关.生活方式的改变,即饮食控制和适当的体力活动,是代谢综合征患者最重要的干预措施之一；基于交感神经激活与代谢综合征的研究,抑制交感神经的活性应该成为代谢综合征治疗的最主要目标.现就交感神经系统与代谢综合征的关系,以及代谢综合征去肾脏神经治疗的研究进展等方面做一综述.
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