Evaluation of Cloud Vertical Structure Simulated by Recent BCC_AGCM Versions through Comparison With CALIPSO-GOCCP Data

摘要

The abilities of BCC AGCM2.1 and BCC AGCM2.2 to simulate the annual-mean cloud vertical structure(CVS) were evaluated through comparison with GCM-Oriented CALIPSO Cloud Product(CALIPSO-GOCCP) data. BCC AGCM2.2has a dynamical core and physical processes that are consistent with BCC AGCM2.1, but has a higher horizontal resolution.Results showed that both BCC AGCM versions underestimated the global-mean total cloud cover(TCC), middle cloud cover(MCC) and low cloud cover(LCC), and that BCC AGCM2.2 underestimated the global-mean high cloud cover(HCC).The global-mean cloud cover shows a systematic decrease from BCC AGCM2.1 to BCC AGCM2.2, especially for HCC.Geographically, HCC is significantly overestimated in the tropics, particularly by BCC AGCM2.1, while LCC is generally overestimated over extra-tropical lands, but significantly underestimated over most of the oceans, especially for subtropical marine stratocumulus clouds.The leading EOF modes of CVS were extracted. The BCC AGCMs perform well in reproducing EOF1, but with a larger variance explained. The two models also capture the basic features of EOF3, except an obvious deficiency in eigenvector peaks. EOF2 has the largest simulation biases in both position and strength of eigenvector peaks. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of CVS on relative shortwave and longwave cloud radiative forcing(RSCRF and RLCRF). Both BCC AGCM versions successfully reproduce the sign of regression coefficients, except for RLCRF in PC1. However, the RSCRF relative contributions from PC1 and PC2 are overestimated, while the relative contribution from PC3 is underestimated in both BCC AGCM versions. The RLCRF relative contribution is underestimated for PC2 and overestimated for PC3.