我国主要烟叶产区烤烟化学成分特征与可用性评价

摘要

为研究我国主要烟叶产区烤烟化学成分特征及其可用性,测定和计算了全国12个主要的种植省区102个县级产区不同部位不同品种烟叶6种常规化学成分含量(总糖、还原糖、总植物碱、总氮、氯和钾)及3种衍生指标数值(糖碱比、氮碱比和钾氯比),通过隶属度函数和层次分析法构建了烟叶化学成分可用性指数(CCUI),并运用秩相关分析,方差分析,多重比较和地统计学等方法进行数据处理.结果表明:①我国烟叶质量总体上较好,但优质烟叶较少,部位间差异较大,品种间差异较小,与国外主流烟叶相比,我国烟叶呈现出糖含量、糖碱比、钾氯比较高,而氯含量较低等特点;②我国大部分地区烟叶氯含量偏低,主要集中在西南地区,部分地区烟叶氯含量高于全国平均水平,主要集中在河南省附近;③与其他文献相比,本研究构建的CCUI其拐点和权重的选择更符合实际,指向性更好,同时我国CCUI地统计学分布图,为卷烟工业企业采购原料和叶组配方的选择提供了参考.④上部、中部、下部烟叶CCUI分布和高低有明显区别,且中部＞下部＞上部,并首次提出了下部烟叶CCUI最能反映烤烟区域生态适应性的观点.%To study the Chemical characteristics and usability of flue-cured tobacco in China's main producing areas,six kinds of general chemical components (total sugar,reducing sugar,total plant alkaloid,total nitrogen,chlorine and potassium) and three kinds of derivation indicators (sugar-nicotine ratio,nitrogen-nicotine ratio and ratio of potassium to chlorine) of various parts of different tobacco leaves planted in 102 counties in 12 provinces were measured and calculated.Chemical Components Usability Index (CCUI) was constructed by membership function and analytic hierarchy process.Such methods as rank correlation analysis,variance analysis,multiple comparisons and geostatistics were used for data analysis.Results showed that:① China's tobacco leaf quality was good in general,but was lack in premium tobacco leaves.There were large difference between producing areas,while small difference between varieties.Compared with foreign quality tobacco leaves,tobacco leaves in China featured higher sugar content,sugar-nicotine ratio and ratio of potassium to chlorine,and low chlorinity.@The chlorinity of tobacco leaves was low in most areas of China (manly in the southwest),while high in some areas (mainly near Henan province).③ Compared with other references,the choices of inflection point and weight of CCUI,which was built by this study,was more realistic and tendentious.Distribution map of CCUI provides reference for raw material purchase and tobacco leaf formulation for tobacco manufacturing enterprises.④ Differences in CCUI distribution and size of upper part,middle part and low part were significant,middle part ＞ low part ＞ upper part.The point that CCUI in low part could reflect precisely the regional ecological suitability of flue-cured tobacco was first proposed.