Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny;
First Institute of Oceanography;
Ministry of Natural Resources;
Qingdao 266061;
China;
Laboratory for Marine Geology;
Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao);
Qingdao 266061;
China;
ferromanganese crusts; Cu isotopes; Zn isotopes; paleoceanography;