基于SODA资料的太平洋及我国周边海域温差能资源时空特征分析

摘要

基于简单海洋数据同化数据集的逐月再分析海温资料,对1971年1月至2010年12月共40年的太平洋及我国周边海域温差能资源的时空特征进行统计分析,得到以下主要结论:(1)温差季节变化特征明显,北半球的20℃等温差线从冬季到夏季可由20°N扩展到40°N,而南半球的温差受季节变化相对较小;温差能有效开采区域集中在30°S~40°N范围内,但纬向分布不均;可近似将气候态平均的20℃等温差线作为全年可开采区域的边界;(2)太平洋绝大部分海域的温差能等价深度呈逐年上升趋势,最大可达近2 m/a;温差能的变异系数具有明显季节变化特征但总体维持在较低水平,有效开采区域之内的变异系数在各季节均低于0.1;(3)我国温差能资源在南海及台湾以东海域最为丰富,其温差维持较高水平,能量密度总体呈逐年上升趋势,能量的稳定性较好且可实现全年有效开采,其最佳利用时间为5-7月,最差利用时间为2-3月;(4)太平洋温差能储量在TW量级,且以2.83 GW/a的趋势递增.%Based on the monthly ocean temperature reanalysis data from SODA datasets,this paper makes a statisti-cal analysis on the temporal and spatial characteristic of the thermal energy in the Pacific Ocean and the sea area surrounding China during January 1971 to December 2010.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)the tempera-ture difference between the upper and deep layer has obvious seasonal variations;from boreal winter to summer,the 20℃ iso-temperature-difference line extend from 20°N to 40°N in the Northern Hemisphere,while the varia-tion in the Southern Hemisphere is relatively small;the efficient exploiting area ranges from 30°S to 40°N ,of which the zonal distribution isn't even;the climatology 20℃ iso-temperature-difference line can be approximately the boundary of the all-time exploiting area.(2)The equivalent head of thermal energy tends to grow yearly in most areas of the Pacific Ocean with the maximum growth rate of 2 m/a;the variable coefficient of thermal energy has obvious seasonal variations but remains at low level,which is basically lower than 0.1 in the efficient exploiting area regardless of the season.(3)The thermal energy resource in the sea area surrounding China is most abundant in South China Sea and the east of Taiwan Island,where the temperature difference maintains at high level and the energy density is on rise year by year,where the stability of energy is satisfactory and the efficient exploiting time is the whole year,where the best exploiting time is May to July.(4)The available exploitation amount in the Pa-cific Ocean is on the order of TW and has a rising trend of 2.83 GW/a.