长白山北坡暗针叶林群落特征

摘要

The dark coniferous forest was distributed between 1100m and 1850m in the subalpine of Changbai Mountain,and the distribution pattern of species composition along elevation gradient in dark coniferous forest on north slope was sampled and analyzed in this research.The α and β diversity were used to measure the community diversity of the forests,and community coefficient,which was one kind of β diversity in essence,was used to analyze the similarity of species composition between the communities or plots.Based on these analyses,communities were classified according to Euclidean distance by Ward's method.The results showed that the dominant tree species Picea jezoensis and Abies nephrolepis were distributed nearly over the whole transect,and the companion trees and most of shrubs were found in certain fragments respectively.The total number of species of the plot varied slightly,but species composition among the plots varied greatly along with the elevation variation.This trend reflected the high habitat diversity of this forest zone.The dark coniferous forest could be divided into 2 or 3 types by the classification analysis,and this result was similar to that coming from calculating community coefficient between plots in the same side with different elevations.%长白山北坡的暗针叶林带分布海拔为1100～1850m,在野外调查的基础上,对暗针叶林沿海拔梯度物种组成的分布格局进行了研究.文中用α和β多样性指数来度量森林群落的多样性,用群落系数(本质上是一种β多样性指数)来度量不同群落或样地间的相似性,同时用欧氏距离和Ward法对所有样地进行了聚类分析.研究结果表明主要树种云杉和冷杉在整个暗针叶林带均有分布,而伴生树种和多数灌木出现于一定海拔范围内;沿海拔梯度物种数变化小而物种组成变化大则表明长白山暗针叶林丰富的生境多样性.聚类分析可将长白山暗针叶林分成2或3种类型,这与通过对不同海拔公路同侧样方的群落系数的分析所得结果类似.