自掺杂氮多孔交联碳纳米片在超级电容器中的应用

摘要

Self N-doped porous cross-linked carbon nanosheets (N-ICNs) are prepared by one-step activation carbonization using dandelion seeds.The dandelion seeds are rich in nitrogen without any additional doping treatment,which can be served as an ideal carbon precursor.The microstructure and composition of the prepared carbon materials are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD),scanning electron microscopy (SEM),transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).It can be seen from the SEM and TEM spectra that the N-ICNs exhibit the porous interconnected structure,which can facilitate the transfer of the electrons and the dispersion of the electrolyte ions.Moreover,the XRD spectra show the defects in the amorphous carbon material.Nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms of the N-ICNs show a high specific surface area of 1564 m2·g-1,and the pore size distribution shows numerous micropores and macropores,which contributes to the formation of double layer capacitance and the accessibility of the electrolyte ions.The wide-scan spectra present the presence of C,N and O atoms.Interestingly,the N content of the N-ICNs without any extra doping treatment is high (2.88％).Based on the high nitrogen content,the N-ICNs exhibit a good specific capacitance of 337 F·g-1 at a current density of 1 A·g-1 with an excellent capacitance retention of 99％ after 10000 cycles.The good electrochemical performances mainly caused by the nitrogen functional groups in the carbon lattice,which can improve the wettability as well as provide pseudocapacitance due to the redox reactions of amine groups.In addition,the symmetric supercapacitor assembled with N-ICNs in the operating voltage range of0～2 V shows high energy density of 25.3 Wh·kg-1 at the power density of 900 W·kg-1,which are superior than the other carbon materials reported.And the capacitance retention can retain 98％ after 10000 cycles.Therefore,the low-cost biomass-derived porous interconnected carbon material can be a promising electrode material for supercapacitors.%自掺杂氮的多孔交联碳纳米片(N-ICNs)是将蒲公英种子通过一步活化碳化法制备的.蒲公英种子本身富含氮,不需要进行额外的掺杂处理,可以作为理想的碳前驱体.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对所制备的碳材料的微观形貌和组成成分进行了表征.基于高含氮量(2.88％),N-ICNs在1A·g-1下具有337F·g-1的比电容和优异的倍率性能.此外,由N-ICNs组合成的对称型超级电容器在操作电压范围为0～2 V时具有很高的能量密度(25.3 Wh·kg-1)和功率密度(900W·kg-1),并且在循环10000次后仍具有98％的电容保持率.因此,N-ICNs将是一种非常理想的电极材料.