Vector sound intensity array can realize high precise passive direction of a low frequency source even in small scale, but its fixed structure restricts its engineering application to a certain extent. A uniform direction model used for arbitrary vector sound intensity array with four sensors was proposed, and its directional estimation errors caused by finite difference approximation error(FDAE), instrumentation phase mismatch error(IPME) were analyzed systematically. Directional experiment on a typical array was done in a semi-anechoic chamber to verify the model. After compensating the FDAE, the IPME and the random error caused by averagely reducing isotropic ambient noise based on the error analysis, the precision of DOA estimation comes closer to 1° by using 0.1 m size non-typical vector sound intensity array. The experimented and analyzed results show that the model and its error analysis are correct.%声强向量阵的优点是能在小尺度条件下实现低频声源的高精度被动定向,但是其固定的结构在一定程度上限制了它的工程应用.提出了一种统一的定向模型,可用于任意结构的四元声强向量阵,并系统地分析了其定向误差,包括有限差分误差、相位失配误差引起的定向误差.为了验证该方法,在半消声室针对其中一种典型的结构进行了定向实验.实验结果表明,根据误差分析补偿有限差分误差、通道失配误差和通过积累平均减小各向同性环境噪声引起的随机误差后,尺度仅为0.1 m的非典型声强向量阵的定向精度基本上达到1°,表明该任意四元声强向量阵的定向模型和误差分析是正确可行的.
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