天空偏振光分布的实验研究

摘要

生物能够进行偏振光导航定位,一方面是其本身具有对太阳光偏振方向极其敏感的视觉神经系统,另一方面是天空中存在一个可供感知的大气偏振光模式图.天空偏振光分布受观测波段、天气条件以及太阳高度等因子的影响,使大气偏振光模式图具有不稳定性,从而降低了偏振光导航的适用性.着力研究这些影响因子与天空偏振光分布之间的关系,利用全天空偏振测量方法,系统地对全波段以及红、蓝、紫3个波段的天空偏振光在不同天气条件下的分布进行了实验研究.研究结果系统地反映了观测波段、天气条件、太阳高度对天空偏振光分布的影响,表明在不同天气条件下不同波段天空偏振度分布有差异,且蓝波段更适合用于偏振光导航的探测波段.本研究为提高偏振导航的精度及实用化提供理论基础,也为大气的偏振遥感探测提供参考.%Many animals are able to use sky polarized light for navigation. They have a visual nervous system which is extremely sensitive to the sky polarized light, and there exists a perceptible polarization distribution in the sky. However, weather conditions, sun's position and detection wavelength will affect the polarization pattern in a certain extent. They will cause the instability of the sky polarization distribution. As a result, it will reduce the polarization navigation usability. In this paper, we focus on the relationship between these factors and the sky polarization distribution. Using full-sky polarization instrument, we measured sky in full-band, red, blue, purple bands under different weather conditions. The results show that the sky polarization distribution is closely related to the sun altitude, weather conditions and detection band. The distributions of sky polarized light are different under different weather conditions and detection bands. The blue band is more suitable for the polarization navigation. This study will provide not only the basic theory to improve the precision of the polarized light navigation, but also a reference for atmosphere polarization remote sensing detection.