不同质地土壤下缓释尿素与常规尿素配施对水稻产量及其生长发育的影响

摘要

Public attentions have been increasingly paid to the slow-release fertilizer (sulfur-coated urea, or SCU) which has developed quickly during the last decade. In this research, a field experiment with 270 kg ha-1 N fertilizer application was conducted in two kinds of soil (sandy soil and clay soil) using the early maturing late japonica variety Nanjing 44 as materials. The effects of fertilizing with sulfur-coated urea alone and mixing application of SCU and conventional urea (PU) on grain yield and plant growth were examined and compared. Results showed that compared with the treatment of PU applied alone, the treatments of SCU2, SCU2+PU(2:1), SCU1+PU(2:1) and SCU1+PU(1:1) showed significant increase in the rice yield, N accumulation, uptake and use efficiency, dry matter accumulation, ratio of stem-sheath usable carbohydrate to spikelets per panicle, and root a-NA oxidation ability that maintained a high level with a small reduction tendency. The grain yield, N uptake and use efficiency as well as dry matter accumulation in clay soil were slightly higher than those in sandy soil, and the root a-NA oxidation ability at heading and 10 days after heading were lower in clay soil than in sandy soil, while no apparent difference was found at 20 or 30 days after heading. In conclusion, the application of sulfur-coated urea or its combination with normal urea may both meet the basic needs of rice growth. Combination of SCU1 and PU has better effect than either fertilizer applied solely, the treatment of SCU2 has the best outcome, which is followed by treatment of SCU2+PU(2:1), and treatment of SCU2+PU(1:1) does not show a significant effect.%以早熟晚粳南粳44为材料,分别在2种质地的土壤上,研究270 kg hm-2施氮条件下,2种缓释尿素(硫包衣尿素SCU)单施及与常规尿素(PU)按2种不同比例混配一次性基施对水稻产量及其生长发育的影响.结果表明,与PU分施相比,SCU2单施与SCU1+PU(1∶1)、SCU1+PU(2∶1)及SCU2+PU(2∶1)配施处理水稻产量、生长中后期氮素吸收量、氮素吸收利用率与偏生产力、干物质积累以及茎鞘可用性糖颖花比均显著提高,抽穗后期根系α-萘胺氧化量维持较高水平,下降幅度小;产量、氮素吸收量、氮肥吸收利用率、偏生产力及干物质积累量在黏土上略高于在沙土上;抽穗期与抽穗后10d根系a-萘胺氧化量在黏土上低于在沙土上,抽穗后20 d、30d在两种土上差异不大.SCU单施及与PU配施基本上能满足水稻生长需求,SCU1与PU配施效果明显优于单施;SCU2单施效果最佳,SCU2+PU(2∶1)次之,SCU2+PU(1∶1)效果不显著.