不同控蘖措施对淦鑫688分蘖成穗及产量的影响

摘要

针对双季稻区高产超高产栽培条件下水稻无效分蘖多、成穗率低的难题,于2008-2009年以超级杂交晚稻淦鑫688为材料,开展了水控(提早晒田)、肥控(减少分蘖肥比例)、化控(喷施控蘖剂)3种不同控蘖措施及其组合措施对水稻分蘖成穗和产量影响的研究.结果表明:3种控蘖措施都能控制无效分蘖发生,促进分蘖成穗,提高成穗率,具有控蘖和促进成穗的双重功能.其中,化控效果最好,其次是肥控,水控较差:各单项措施组合后有较好的协同作用,3项措施组合的效果好于两项措施组合；不同控蘖处理都能降低无效分蘖期间的叶片含氮量和提高茎鞘可溶性糖含量,这可能是各控蘖处理控制无效分蘖发生和促进分蘖成穗的重要原因之一；各控蘖措施及其组合措施都能提高水稻产量,以3项措施组合应用的产量最高,其次是两项措施组合.%In order to solve the problem that rice ineffective tillers were too many and the percent of effective panicles were too low in the cultural condition of super high yield in double cropping rice area. Ganxin688 was used to study the effects of three kinds of tiller control methods including water control (drying field earier), fertilizer control (reducing the proportion of tillering fertilizer), chemical control (spraying tiller-inhibitor) and their combinations on rice tillering, panicles formation and grain yield in 2008 and 2009. The results indicated that the three kinds of tiller control methods had the dual effects on both controlling tiller and promoting the tillers to turn to panicles, could reduce the number of ineffective tillers, promote the tillers' growth and turning to panicles and increase the percent of effective panicles' respectively. The effect of chemical control was the best, the next was fertilizer control, water control was the last one in the three kinds of tiller control methods; good synergistic reactions were observed in the combination of all the single tiller control methods, the performance of the combination including three kinds of tiller control methods was better rnthan that of the combination including any two kinds of tiller control methods. The leaf N content was reduced and soluble sugar content in stem and sheath was increased by different treatments with tiller control methods during the ineffective tillering period, this might be the one of the important causes of the fact that the treatments with tiller control methods limited the generation of ineffective tillers and promoted the conversion from tillers to panicles. Moreover, each tiller control method and their combinations improved the rice yield, and the combination including three kinds of tiller control methods had the best effect on the grain yield, the next was the combination including any two kinds of tiller control methods.