不同配比猪粪对茶树修剪物高温堆肥腐熟进程的影响

摘要

以茶树（Camellia sinensis （L．） O． Ktze．，）修剪枝为基本原料，以猪粪为能源调理剂进行高温堆肥试验，将茶树修剪枝和猪粪分别按体积比9∶1、8∶2、7∶3和6∶4混合，研究不同配比条件下堆肥体系中温度、pH值、C／N、种子发芽指数（ GI，germination index）的动态变化规律以及对茶树修剪枝堆肥品质的影响。结果表明，各配比的堆体高温均大于50℃且持续时间均超过10 d，均达到堆肥无害化卫生标准，但茶树修剪枝和猪粪体积比为6∶4的堆体高温持续时间最长达29 d。对堆体的含水量检测表明，茶树修剪枝和猪粪体积比为6∶4的堆体损耗水分量最多，达81．25％，但各配比堆体发酵结束时含水量均低于20％，符合国家堆肥无害化卫生标准。在堆肥过程中，各配比堆体pH值变化幅度为6．94～8．24，C／N呈现先上升后下降趋势，但发酵结束时，猪粪和茶树修剪枝质量比6∶4的C／N的值最低为15．4。对堆肥过程中的GI值检测表明，堆肥21 d，茶树修剪枝质量比6∶4和7∶3的堆体的GI指数为59．1％和50．7％，而发酵结束后，各配比的堆体GI值均超过70％，而茶树修剪枝质量比6∶4值为93．7％。说明猪粪和茶树修剪枝混合可以实现堆肥化，且猪粪比例越高，越有利于茶树树修剪枝堆肥腐熟。%Abstrct:High temperature composting experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of swine manure on pruned tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Ktze.,) leaf composting processes and maturity.The experiment de⁃signed consisted of 4 treatments with 9∶1,8∶2,7∶3 and 6∶4 ratios of tea garden clippings and swine manure.The dynamical changes of temperature, moisture content, pH, C/N, germination index ( GI ) in the composting process of the different composting treatments were measured periodically. The results showed that the highest temperature of different composting treatments exceeded 50℃ and duration periods also exceed 10 days,meeting the compost non⁃hazardous sanitary standard.Particularly,the composting of swine manure and tea garden clip⁃pings with weigh ratio of 6∶4 had the longest highest⁃temperature duration period of 29 days and most moisture lost ratio of 81.25%.During the composting,the pHs of different treatments were in the range of 6.94-8.24.The C/N increased and then declined,the C/N of 15.4,from the composting of swine manure and pruned tea leaf with weigh ratio of 6∶4 was lowest at the end of compost. Composting for 21 days,composting of swine manure and tea garden clippings with weigh ratio of 6∶4 and 7∶3 had the GI of 59.1% and 50.7%,but GI of all the treatments surpassed 70% in the end,including composting of swine manure and pruned tea leaf with weigh ra⁃tio of 6∶4 with the GI of 93.7%.These results displayed that pruned tea leaf mixed swine manure could imple⁃ment composting and large ratio swine manure was benefit to pruned tea leaf compost.