中国油菜对黑胫病的抗性评价及抗病基因推导研究

摘要

In order to master the resistance level,we provide a theoretical basis for blackleg resistance breeding and varieties rational distribution.35 cultivars were tested to identify and postulate their resistances to Phoma stem canker using the cotyledons puncture method.No high resistance or immune varieties to Leptosphaeria maculans and Leptosphaeria biglobosa were found in the 35 oilseed rape cultivars.Only three varieties showed low resistance to both Leptosphaeria maculans and Leptosphaeria biglobosa.35 varieties produced 1 7 reaction types to 1 2 strains,total-ly.Among which,the reaction type of 1 2 varieties were same with the differential hosts,the reaction type of 1 8 varie-ties were very similar to the differential hosts,the reaction type of 5 varieties were unlike any differential hosts. Based on the genetic postulate method,we postulated that the twelve genes known blackleg resistance (Rlm1-9, LepR1-3)were mainly in form of combinations in thirty cultivars,these main oilseed rape cultivars may carry the known or other new resistance genes.So,some genetic resources in our rape germplasm could be used potentially to modify the resistance to Phoma stem canker.%为掌握中国油菜品种的黑胫病抗性水平，为抗病育种及品种合理布局提供理论依据。在室内采用子叶穿刺接种法，对35个油菜品种开展了黑胫病的抗性评价及抗病基因推导研究。供试品种中没有发现对病原菌 Lepto-sphaeria maculans 和 Leptosphaeria biglobosa 表现高抗或免疫的品种，只有3个品种可以兼抗 Leptosphaeria maculans 和Leptosphaeria biglobosa，但均表现低抗。供试的35个品种对12个菌株共产生了17种反应型，其中12个品种的反应型与鉴别寄主的完全相同，18个品种的反应型与鉴别寄主的非常相近，5个品种的反应型不同于任何鉴别寄主。抗病基因推导，已知的12个黑胫病抗性基因 Rlm1～9，Lep R1～3多数以基因组合的形式分布在我国的30个品种中，这些主栽品种可能含有已知的或新的抗病基因。说明现有的油菜种质资源中可能蕴藏着对改良黑胫病抗性具有潜在应用价值的基因资源。