城市废弃物堆肥的混配基质对高羊茅营养生长期的影响

摘要

In order to improve the efficiency of using urban waste as a plant medium resource, a pot experiment was adopted to study the effects of urban waste on Festuca Arundinacea L..We put “urban sludge” compost, “garden waste” compost, “urban sludge ∶ garden waste =1 ∶ 3” compost, “urban sludge ∶ garden waste=1∶1 ”compost and woodland soils together, then we mixed them by “0∶1, 1∶3, 1∶1, 3∶1, 1∶0” to obtain different medium and studied their effects on Festuca Arundinacea L..Meanwhile we chose the best medium mixture by using Entropy weight coefficient and TOPSIS integration analysis methods.Results showed that:the composting matrix of urban waste compost had an inhibitory effect on the initial germination rate of Festuca Arundinacea L..Low stubble cutting could increase the growth of Festuca Arundinacea L., and the “urban sludge” compost had a slow-release property of nutrients.The trend of aboveground and underground biomass of Festuca Arundinacea L.was basically consistent.With the gradual increase of sludge compost components, the comprehensive evaluation index showed a trend of increase.“Pure sludge compost∶ soil=1∶0” mixture had the maximum index value (0.71), which could be considered as the best ratio of medium mixture.As the proportion of pure garden waste compost increased gradually, the comprehensive evaluation index reduced gradually.“Pure garden waste∶ soil=1∶0” mixture had the minimum value (0.04), which differed from the maximum mixture by about 18 times.The garden waste compost could be used as a partial additive of mixed medium, and the threshold should be no more than 50％.And it can partially substitut peat.Therefore, Festuca Arundinacea L.has a good growth response to urban waste compost.If we apply the urban waste mixed medium to the lawn production, which can not only promote the growth of Festuca Arundinacea L., but also provide a way for city waste disposal.In a word, waste disposal of the city is an important direction.%为资源化利用城市废弃物,本文采用盆栽试验,将“城市污泥堆肥”、“园林废弃物堆肥”、“城市污泥∶园林废弃物=1∶3的堆肥”、“城市污泥∶园林废弃物=1∶1的堆肥”与林地土壤分别按照0∶1,1∶3,1∶1,3∶1,1∶0混配得到不同的基质,研究其对高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea L.)营养生长期的影响;并采用熵权系数与TOPSIS集成评价法进行综合评价,从中择取最佳基质.结果表明:混配基质对高羊茅萌发率有相对抑制作用;低茬修剪可以促进高羊茅株高的增加,且污泥堆肥具有缓释性;地上、地下生物量变化趋势一致;纯污泥堆肥可作为最佳基质,其综合评价指数最大,为0.71,而纯园林废弃物堆肥处理的综合评价指数最小,为0.04;园林废弃物堆肥可部分代替泥炭,添加阈值应控制在0～0.5.因此,离羊茅对城市废弃物混配基质有较良好的生长响应,若将城市废弃物混配基质应用于草坪生产,不仅能促进高羊茅初期生长,还能为城市废弃物的消纳提供出路,是城市废弃物处置的重要方向.