Objective: To investigate the effects of spiritual and cultural life and social support on general well-being ( GWB ) for elderly living in urban and rural areas for supplying basis to improve the quality of life and mental health for the aged. Methods :By using self-administered questionnaire, Social Support Rating Scale ( SSRS ) and General Weil-Being Schedule( GWBS ),400 elderly were surveyed from 3 urban communities and 2 villages at the suburb of Wuhu city. Results: ①The elderly in rural areas scored lower on GWB than those in urban areas ;②The components on GWBS, including life satisfaction and support, energy, depression or happy mood , relaxation and tension , were positively correlated with availability of subjective support, utilization of support and total score of social support. Life satisfaction and support available as well as occurrence of depressed or pleasant mood were also associated with all dimensions of social support; ③Frequencies of outdoor activities, involvement in literary and artistic creation and community activities were positively related to the general well-being,whereas leisure and quiet life was negatively related to the GWB. Conclusion: Essential social support availability and spiritual and cultural life may contribute to the general well-being for empty-nest elderly.%目的:探讨精神文化生活及社会支持对城乡空巢老人总体幸福感的影响,为提高空巢老人的生活质量和心理卫生提供依据.方法:采用自编问卷结合社会支持评定量表、总体幸福感量表对芜湖市3个社区及邻边两个农村400名老人进行问卷调查.结果:①农村老人总体幸福感得分明显低于城市老人.②空巢老人总体幸福感量表中对生活的满足和支持、精力、忧郁或愉快的心境、松弛和紧张四个因子均与社会支持中的主观支持、支持利用度和社会支持总分呈正相关,且对生活的满足和支持、忧郁或愉快的心境两个因子与社会支持各维度均有联系.③外出活动、文艺创作、社区活动与空巢老人的总体幸福感呈正相关;赋闲少动与空巢老人的总体幸福感呈负相关.结论:良好的社会支持和精神文化生活对空巢老人的总体幸福感有积极作用.
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