Le developpement des fonctions executives a l'âge prescolaire : Le role des comportements maternels en presence de differents facteurs de vulnerabilite.

摘要

The simultaneous and marked interest of many fields of research for the notion of executive functioning (EF) has allowed for the primordial role of these functions in many spheres of development to be identified. However, the developmental mechanisms associated with individual differences in EF are still under studied. The two empirical articles constituting this dissertation aim at documenting the role of maternal behaviors in the prediction of EF in the preschool period. Using an ecological approach (Bronfenbrenner, 1979), interaction effects between different explanatory factors are considered, with the goal of reaching a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying early EF development.;To do so, the first article examines the interactions between family socioeconomic status (SES) and different dimensions of maternal behavior in the prediction of two specific components of EF, namely, conflict-EF and impulse control. 114 mother-child dyads participated in three home visits. SES was measured by a questionnaire filled by mothers during the first visit when their child was six months old and maternal behavior was observed in a second visit when the child was 12 months old, using the Maternal Behavior Q-Sort (MBQS; Pederson & Moran, 1995). Finally, child EF was assessed at 3 years with a battery of tasks chosen based on Carlson's (2005) measurement guidelines.;The second article explores, based on Differential Susceptibility Theory (DST), the interactions between different dimensions of maternal behavior and child temperament in the prediction of child EF. Seventy-two mother-child dyads participated in three home visits. Maternal sensitivity was observed when children were 12 months old, using the MBQS, child temperament was assessed at 15 months using a maternal report (ICQ; Bates, Freeland, & Lounsbury, 1979), and child EF was assessed with the same battery of tasks as in the first article.;The results of the first article showed significant interactions between family SES and the quality of maternal behaviors in the prediction EF, such that maternal behavior was related to EF only for children in the lower end of the SES spectrum and those relations were found especially for impulse control. The results of the second article confirmed the hypothesis put forward by DST, revealing that children with difficult temperaments were more affected by hostile maternal behavior and the absence of positive behavior, and that these same children benefit more than their easier peers from the presence of positive behaviors, but only in the prediction of impulse control.