Two-Phase Flow encompasses a wide variety of flow conditions and is best described as the flow of two different kinds of matter. The difference between the matter can be its thermodynamic state (gas, liquid, solid) or its chemical components. The development of two-phase flow analysis has not followed a unified approach, evolving instead from a number of different application areas. For this reason a general unified approach has been undertaken. This work culminates with the derivation of the two-fluid model and includes the Eulerian-Lagrangian separated flow model.; The two-fluid model is then solved using the MFMAC portion of the CFDLIB source code for the case of a gas-liquid air-sparged reactor. The resulting solution indicates a good agreement with experimental observations.; The Eulerian-Lagrangian modeling approach using the software package CFX (AEA Technology), was then applied to two human exposure studies. The first being a large scale analysis of a Rochester human exposure chamber. The effects of multiple flow redirection device configurations were evaluated along with the original chamber configuration in order to determine the most suitable inlet velocity fields resulting in near uniform pollutant levels in the breathing region. Eulerian-Lagrangian techniques were also used for a detailed study of aerosols within the respiratory airways. Here the bronchial airways representing generations 3 to 5 (based on Weibel's classification scheme) are of interest. Simulations are performed determining the particle deposition efficiency, local surface deposition patterns, as well as, the local particle distributions at selected cross sections. The results, showing the multigenerational interaction effects, contribute significantly to the solution of the dosimetry-and-health-effect problem.
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