Synthesis and functionalization of polymer nanospheres.

摘要

In this dissertation, we have extended the work previously carried out on the synthesis and functionalization of polymer nanospheres in an attempt to find a general route for the facile surface of functionalization of polymer nanospheres. We have focused our attention primarily on the polystyrene-divinylbenzene system. Chapter one summarizes the work carried out in the polymer nanosphere area. In chapter two, we have explored the emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization of polystyrene. Several variables were tested to determine the best way to control the size and spherical integrity of the nanospheres.; In chapter three, the synthesis of poly-(vinylpyridine) nanospheres via the emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization technique is discussed. This was the fast time poly-(vinylpyridine) nanospheres were synthesized using this method. These nanospheres were then coated with metals and used as catalysts in a variety of organic reactions.; In chapter four, a method for the surface functionalization of preformed polystyrene nanospheres is described. This method of surface functionalization was based on a method developed by Frechet in 1979. We were successful in placing several functional groups onto the surface of polystyrene. However, it was determined that the surface coverage was not uniform and another method needed to be developed.; In chapter five, a novel in situ grafting of substituted styrene monomers at the end of nanosphere formation is reported. In this method, the substituted monomers were added to the polymerization reaction mixture and were able to react competitively with any remaining styrene monomer to result in surface coverage by the desired functional group. This method was found to be quite versatile and will have many potential applications.