When internal waves reflect from a sloping boundary, turbulence and mixing are strongest when the angle of the internal-wave beam is the same as that of the sloping boundary. In the laboratory, mixing of stratified fluid causes intrusions to spread away from the boundary. It is proposed that this process might occur along ocean margins, and could be the mechanism by which intermediate nepheloid layers detach and spread seaward from a continental slope.; Laboratory experiments were used to investigate the growth of intrusions due to internal waves reflection from a sloping boundary. When normalized by the incident energy-density-flux, the average intrusion velocity was found to be a linear function of the parameter ω/ωc. Evenly spaced layers, indicating thin perturbations in the background density gradient, developed within the mixing region and spread into the tank interior. The vertical spacing between these layers bore a linear relationship to ω/ω c, and a linear model of internal-wave reflection suggests that these layers may be related to an isopycnal displacement, overturn, scale. Intrusion growth occurred at a range around the critical frequency, and was strongest at slightly supercritical (ω/ωc > 1) conditions. A balance between the divergence of energy-density-flux and change in potential energy was suggested to describe the growth of intrusions. Fitting the laboratory results to this theoretical prediction suggested a low net buoyancy flux. The equation for intrusion growth cam be used to predict spreading rates for INLs at ocean margins. CID and transmissometer surveys over the northern California margin showed that INLs could be classified as either shelf INLs, generated between 60 and 200-m depth, or slope INLs, which detached, from the continental slope at depths greater than 200 meters. Both shelf and slope INLs were often associated with regions of critical topography. Shelf INLs were strongest in winter, suggesting that their generation is tied to the supply of sediment from winter wave resuspension or Eel River floods. Mooring data suggest that internal-wave reflection is common on this continental slope. Internal-wave reflection occurred in intermittent pulses, and may be responsible for the generation of slope INLs at the Eel River margin.
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机译:当内部波从倾斜边界反射时,当内部光束的角度与倾斜边界的角度相同时,湍流和混合最强。在实验室中,分层流体的混合导致侵入物从边界扩散开。有人提出,这一过程可能发生在海洋边缘,并且可能是中间星云层从大陆坡向海分离并向海扩散的机制。实验室实验用于研究由于倾斜边界内的内部波反射而引起的侵入体的增长。当通过入射能量密度通量归一化时,平均入侵速度被发现是参数ω/ω c sub>的线性函数。在混合区域内形成均匀分布的层,表明背景密度梯度中的细微扰动,并扩散到罐内部。这些层之间的垂直间距与ω/ω c sub>呈线性关系,并且内波反射的线性模型表明这些层可能与等深线位移,倾覆,尺度有关。入侵增长发生在临界频率附近,并且在稍微超临界(ω/ω c sub 1)条件下最强。建议在能量密度通量的发散与势能变化之间找到平衡,以描述入侵的增长。使实验室结果与该理论预测相符表明净浮力较低。入侵增长方程可以用来预测国际海底航行器在海洋边缘的扩散速度。 CID和透射仪对加利福尼亚北部边缘的调查显示,INL可以分类为深度在60-200 m之间的架子式INL,也可以分类为与深度大于200米的大陆坡分离的倾斜INL。陆架INL和斜坡INL通常都与关键地形区域相关。冬季货架上的INL最强,表明它们的产生与冬季波浪的重悬或鳗鱼河洪水带来的沉积物供应有关。系泊数据表明内部波反射在该大陆斜坡上很常见。内部波反射发生在间歇脉冲中,可能是在Eel River边缘产生斜率INL的原因。
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