ICT Experience in East Asia and Modelling for Turkey.

摘要

The remarkable development in ICT (Information and Communication Technology) was observed in the past decades that it has an increasing impact on economic and social activities in the world. ICT have had a significant role in the economic growth for developed and developing countries. The countries have been very dynamic in recent years in East Asia, which is one of the most important geographic regions based on ICT. Focusing on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita income distributions of East Asian countries in this study, it is aimed to show that ICT and its components are closely linked with socio-economic components in macro and micro levels. Some important findings are observed that there has been regional convergence as Beta-convergence and Sigma-convergence after 1992 among East Asian countries. A necessity appeared to focus on how ICT can affect GDP per capita convergence among countries. A sample equation of multiple regression analysis for ICT expenditures and annual telecommunication investments is used for major East Asian countries and analyzed their correlations with GDP per capita growth that played an important part resulting in regional convergence. Adding some other empirical evaluations, it is observed that there is a remarkable correlation between GDP per capita growth and ICT developments of major East Asian countries.;In the PCA for Asia, Turkey took a place together with some East Asian countries in ICT company profiles. To widen the purpose of the study in a more micro level of ICT, Turkey is analyzed focusing on some economic and ICT indicators, and compared with Japan and ROK. Even though Japan, ROK, and Turkey are different in ICT company profiles, they showed similarities in the development of telecommunication sector throughout history including the privatization of the sector. A major dissimilarity appeared from the use of the technologies and producing new technologies by the worldwide companies. The developments in ICT have strong relations with the socio-economic development of these countries. Turkey has great potential in the near future as a rapid developing country and a growing ICT market for foreign market players; however, needs to create her own powerful and effective worldwide companies to use ICT as a better development instrument.;Furthermore, top 100 leading ICT companies of the world are analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to show the importance of the sector with its market players in the world, Europe, and Asia. Seven countries from Europe and Asia appeared in top 100 ICT companies. All major East Asian countries can not form into top 100 ICT companies' ranking, but, twenty-six companies of East Asia from Taiwan (10), ROK (6), China (5), Japan (3), and Hong Kong (2) are very important and determinant for the region's economic development by clustering in the vectors of revenue, revenue growth, and return on equity.