Urbanization, while bringing development and prosperity, has negative environmental impacts. An example is thermal enrichment of receiving water bodies by urban surface runoff. Although this kind of thermal pollution was once considered negligible, compared with industrial thermal discharges, it is now being recognized as a potential threat to the aquatic environment. Thermal research on urban stormwater is at an early stage, lacking theoretical support and experimental verification. A large number of variables are involved, causing many uncertainties, and thermal modeling is not widely used.; This research develops a thermal enrichment model for direct runoff temperature simulation in an urban watershed. A distributed temperature model called HEATRAN was built. HEATRAN can directly compute runoff temperature for hydraulic elements in an urban drainage system, such as impervious pavement, open channels, pipes, ponds, and wetlands.; The central idea of the model is the combined heat balance and mass balance. The model covers several principal heat transfer components for an open water body: convection, rainfall mixing, evaporation (sensible heat), radiation and conduction. HEATRAN successfully combines two key heat transfer processes: heat mixing in runoff water and conduction inside the body underlying the water.; HEATRAN was applied to the Consolidated Drain in Portage, MI, where a large shopping mall discharges substantial thermally enriched stormwater to Portage Creek, a historical trout habitat. The results support the initial version of HEATRAN.*; *This dissertation is a compound document (contains both a paper copy and a CD as part of the dissertation). The CD requires the following system requirements: Microsoft Office.
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