Changes in the concentration and composition of anthropogenic and biogenic aerosols in the Finnish Arctic.

摘要

In this study, historical samples of Arctic haze collected between 1964 and 1978 from northern Finland have been analyzed. The aim has been to determine the sources of the particles, as well as the temporal variation in the source contributions and the source regions. There is no other long-term data available from this early time period and overall, more information about the occurrence, nature, origin and transport of anthropogenic and biogenic aerosols in the European Arctic is needed in order to protect the vulnerable Arctic environment. In addition, evidence for climate/biosphere interaction observed in a previous study of the Arctic aerosol has been sought.; The chemical composition data was analyzed with a Multilinear Engine using two different models, pure bilinear and a mixed 2-way/3-way model. The results of receptor modeling were connected with back trajectory data in a Potential Source Contribution Function analysis to determine the likely source areas.; Nine sources, namely silver emissions, coal combustion, biomass burning, nonferrous smelters (two sources), crustal elements from remote sources, excess silicon from local sources, sea salt particles and biogenic sulfur emissions from marine algae were found. Although the emissions from industrial areas in the Kola Peninsula have an effect on the concentration of anthropogenic pollutants at Kevo, the highest concentrations during winter are transported from the sources in the mid-latitudes. The yearly strength of the biogenic sulfur emissions showed no dependence on the Northern Hemisphere temperature anomaly and thus, a climatic feedback loop can not be confirmed.