Spain's glorious revolution: Social protest and the politics of liberty in Malaga, 1868--1874 (Isabella II, Queen of Spain).

摘要

Like many of its neighbors north of the Pyrenees, Spain in the nineteenth century struggled to construct a liberal polity unhindered by the caprice of absolutists and oligarchs. The apogee of that struggle is the subject of this dissertation: the Gloriosa---Spain's "glorious" Revolution of 1868 and the six-year democratic experiment that followed.; Challenging the Orientalist discourse of Spanish difference, this study inserts the Gloriosa into modern Europe's master narrative: the continuing joust between antithetical understandings of liberty and order. The contested balance between those liberal ideals defined a century of social and political tumult, articulated in Spain through the Gloriosa's languages of revolution. The vernacular can be heard in the texts, images and practices of insurrectionary Andalusia---cradle of the Gloriosa , theatre of pronunciamientos and peasant revolts, and the heart of Federal Republicanism. At home in this tradition, the province of Malaga boasted a venerable history of popular radicalism. Yet Malaga, the realm of industrialists and minifundias, was an exception in Andalusia, land of the senorito and the great estate. Malaga's revolutionary ethos thus suggests the preeminence of politics in the crucible of popular protest. This dissertation examines the radical liberalism of nineteenth-century Spain---its volatile coalitions, its idioms of liberty, its fundamental and ultimately fatal ambivalence toward social reform. The evolving expression of democratic freedom contained a sophisticated vocabulary of civic virtue and national honor. In 1868, using the masculine moral order of the Old Regime to legitimate radical political change, liberals of every persuasion joined in an anti-Bourbon campaign to unseat Isabel II. Analyzing the revolution as it unfolded in the clubs, streets and fields of Malaga addresses one of Hispanism's historiographical lacunae: the story of constitutionalist Spain in the century after its daring introduction in 1812. And documenting the revolutions collapse during the First Republic invites reflection on a persistent conundrum of the liberal state: how to weigh threats to public and social order against the threat that their containment poses to civil and political liberties.