Fascism revisited or millennial eurosceptic populism? Analysis and rationale for a new political movement in the 21st century.

摘要

Euroscepticism has steadily increased since the late 1990s, culminating in the emergence and success of numerous Eurosceptic and anti-establishment parties at the national and international level. Though often considered fascist and extremist, these groups have successfully achieved recognition and mainstream support as their once non-traditional ideas have become the norm. It is argued that these groups are a new class of social movement organization, a modern-day manifestation of fascism called Millennial Eurosceptic Populism. What conditions have allowed for these groups to emerge and attain such levels of success? Analysis utilizing fsQCA will test variables from McAdam's Political Process Model (1982) and the proposed Organizational/ Opportunity Theory in order to determine their efficacy as well as the causal conditions leading to Millennial Fascist Group success.