Water is an essential ingredient in the development and sustainability of urban society. Its uneven distribution, however, is posing scarcity threats to many urban regions, putting their local water authorities at risk. Although supply-side alternatives have historically been the preference, managers and planners are slowly moving towards a demand management approach. Predominant benefits of water demand management programs (WDMPs) include the reduction of water consumption, the freeing-up of system capacity, lower water and wastewater treatment costs and the deferment of capital investment. Another valuable benefit of WDMPs is the reduction of energy consumption. Surprisingly, its potential is often overlooked and underappreciated by both water utilities and researchers.; This thesis provides a review of the technology and processes to reduce the demand for water, but most importantly examines ways to encourage water utilities to implement demand management programs, mostly by highlighting the significant economic incentive associated with water and energy savings.
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