Miletus in the Middle Bronze Age and Minoan presence in the eastern Aegean.

摘要

Less than a decade ago, there was no indication that the Milesian peninsula had been settled in the Early or the Middle Bronze Ages. Because the prehistoric deposits previously excavated were Late Chalcolithic and Late Bronze Age in date, a hiatus of occupation was assumed. In 1997, our understanding of the site changed dramatically when a new excavation campaign uncovered a MBA Anatolian habitation level that was replete with imported Middle Minoan goods.; This dissertation is the analysis of the MBA Period III level at Miletus, and it establishes certain fundamentals concerning the site: (1) the site was inhabited during the early MBA period, (2) the material culture reflects southwestern Anatolian traditions and therefore the inhabitants should be considered indigenous, (3) the settlement was located directly on the coast in an ideal harbor area, (4) this location afforded access to a north-south and east-west crossroad, (5) there is no evidence of hiatus, however this is the earliest period when Cretan influence is discernable in local pottery production and the first Minoan (MM IB--MM IIB) imports appear, and (6) although the quantity of these imports is high in comparison with MM IB--MM IIB imports elsewhere east of Crete, they account for less than 2% of the ceramic assemblage. These numbers are reversed in Period IV, when Minoan or Minoanizing pottery account for over 95% of the excavated material.; The first chapter of this dissertation reviews the century-old excavation at Miletus as it pertains to its prehistoric settlements and provides a primer on the history and present state of excavation and research of MBA culture in southwestern Anatolia. The second, third and fourth chapters present the MBA level at Miletus, its general stratigraphy, architectural features, ceramics and small finds. Chapter 3 concerns the local ceramics, and the imported protopalatial ceramics are catalogued in Chapter 4. I examine the Milesian material within its larger geographic context in Chapter 5, isolating the Anatolian and Aegean parallels. Chapter 6 contains a discussion of the Middle Minoan influence in the eastern Aegean and its consequent impact on the nature of the Miletus settlement.