Speleothem record of southern Arizona paleoclimate, 54 to 3.5 ka.

摘要

In the semi-arid southwestern US, the lack of continuous records of climate over the last glacial cycle has precluded a complete understanding of the rates and timing of past regional changes in climate. Speleothems can provide high-resolution, continuous record of moisture, temperature, and, potentially, vegetation variations and can be precisely dated by uranium-series disequilibrium. We have produced two U-series dated speleothem delta18O records from Cave of the Bells (COB). COB is located in Santa Cruz County, Arizona on the east side of the Santa Rita Mountains (31°45'N, 110°45'W; 1700 m).; The glacial speleothem delta18O record (53 to 8.5 ka) confirms that deglaciation in the Southwest proceeded via a stepwise shift, mirroring the Bolling-Allerod warming and Younger Dryas cooling, beginning around 15 ka. There is no evidence of early warming before the decline of the large ice sheets. In Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS3; 53 to 30 ka), we observe millennial variations similar to Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events first seen in Greenland ice core delta18O records with wet/cold conditions indicated by our cave record during glacial stadials (cold periods) and dry/warm during glacial interstadials (warmer periods). High-resolution U-series dating allows for refinement of the timing of DO events in MIS3, and spectral analysis confirms the presence of a 1515-year climate cycle during this time.; The delta18O data from a Holocene stalagmite (∼6.9 to 3.5 ka) average ∼3‰ higher than modern and exhibit substantial multidecadal to multicentury variation. We propose that in addition to drier/warmer conditions in the winter, a stronger summer monsoon and 9 perhaps warmer summer temperatures supplied waters with higher delta18O values to the cave during the mid-Holocene. Spectral analysis of early part of the delta 18O record reveals variability at periods of 233 years and at 142 and 52. After ∼4.9 ka a prominent shift from centennial to multidecadal periods of variability (a 70 to 50-year cycle) is observed and there is a slight decrease in average delta18O values. This shift is coincident with a hypothesized increase in El Nino activity, which is correlated to wet winters in the modern southwest, in the tropical Pacific at ∼5 ka.