Lattice QCD simulation with the overlap Dirac operator.

摘要

A complete understanding of the predictions of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) will be an important part of moving particle physics beyond the current Standard Model. At the energy scales relevant to bound QCD systems, such as the pion and the proton, non-perturbative techniques must be used to estimate QCD predictions. The non-perturbative method used to investigate QCD is lattice QCD, or QCD on a discrete spacetime lattice.; One aspect of continuum QCD that should be preserved in lattice QCD is chiral symmetry. The inability of maintaining such symmetry in the discretization of the Dirac equation has for years been a shortcoming of lattice QCD. Recently, however, Neuberger has introduced the overlap Dirac operator, which preserves exact chiral symmetry, even at finite lattice spacing.; This dissertation describes a simulation of lattice QCD using the Wilson gauge action and the overlap Dirac operator, performed on two separate lattices. The first was an 183 x 64 lattice (where the first number represents the spatial extent and the second the extent in time) with coupling beta = 6.0 (lattice spacing a-1 ≃ 2.0 GeV), and the second a 143 x 48 lattice with coupling beta = 5.85 (lattice spacing a-1 ≃ 1.5 GeV). The finer 183 x 64 lattice size was chosen in order to allow a large enough extent in time for prediction of QCD observables that previous investigations using smaller lattices were unable to predict. The coarser 143 x 48 lattice was chosen to have roughly the same physical volume as the finer lattice, allowing for an investigation into scaling effects.; The dissertation begins with a review of the basics of QCD and lattice QCD, including descriptions of the overlap Dirac operator and chiral symmetry on the lattice. Next, the results from the two simulations are presented. The chiral nature of the overlap Dirac operator is confirmed. The light hadron spectrum is presented, along with decay constants and other observables. An investigation is described on the use of extended operators in calculating meson and baryon correlation functions. Diquark correlations are presented, for isolated diquark states. Finally, scaling violations are analyzed by comparing data for the two different lattice spacings.