Users' adoption of emergent technologies: Towards an acceptable model for safer cyber-assisted olfactory information exchanges in standard, micro, and nano systems.

摘要

The potential of terrorists and other enemies to use the Internet and/or other digital information technologies as transport vehicles of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) is becoming more evident. This threat may involve cyber-assisted biochemical transactions, which can be performed through olfactory information exchanges, to attack civilian and military targets anytime. In response, this research is the product of a four-year investigation wherein the author deciphered through a rich archive of declassified U.S. military reports (covering biochemical warfare and techno-terrorism) and a selective list of patent applications revealing several concepts related to users' adoption of emergent cyber-assisted olfaction and aroma-embedded information systems. And after a rigorous analysis of the findings, the researcher hypothesized that careless adoption of unsafe technologies could accelerate a cyber-WMD nexus.; Thus, the study conducted in support of this research sought to examine and explain the adoption of emergent cyber-assisted olfactory information technologies. Cyber-assisted olfaction is an emergent technology that involves the replication of the human sense of smell by computer systems. It can be manifested in the stimulation of human olfactory receptors by computer-emitted biochemical or aromatic particles. Certain olfaction-based biosensors, known as electronic noses, mimic the sense of smell to detect chemical plumes (aroma or warfare agents) in a variety of settings. Notably, the literature revealed an innovative dimension of multimodal, affective human-computer interactions involving scented emails, aroma therapy, and olfaction-based marketing. Unfortunately, the lack of security and safety persists at a potentially catastrophic cost, which is at the root of the researcher's stated research problem below.; Consistent with the aim of this investigation, the researcher used a mixed-methods approach that combined (1) the content analysis of a series of declassified military reports on airborne warfare agents with that of (2) a patent search on aroma-embedded information systems to examine, with the convenience of a carefully designed survey instrument, the perceptions of potential adopters of a model for safer cyber-assisted olfaction (MSCAO). Further, in order to collect data and obtain statistical evidence linked to the selected variables (perceived credibility, ease-of-use, and usefulness), the researcher surveyed a diverse group of students from a major Engineering School in southeastern United States, which offers degree programs in Mechanical, Electrical, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering. And based on the analysis performed, credibility, ease-of-use, and usefulness were found to be significant enough to be considered as positively influencing the acceptability of the MSCAO. In essence, the respondents expressed a significantly high level of need for harm-reduction and cyber security measures against potential threats. Extrapolating from the findings reported herein, the author concluded that users are more likely to accept an emergent technology that is useful, easy-to-use, and that offers credible harm-reduction measures.; In sum, largely supported by Everett Rogers' innovation diffusion theory (IDT) and Fred Davis' technology acceptation model (TAM), the author leaped beyond the "smell-o-vision" aphorism to offer a fertile ground for a new comprehensive, and flexible framework to understand various aspects of cyber-assisted olfactory information systems, and that can be usefully applied to a wide range of auxiliary information systems (i.e., standard, micro, and nano devices). In relation to national security and defense, the MSCAO can be applied in subway systems, aircrafts, cruise ships, and various mixing/distribution systems (i.e., water systems and chemical plants) to automatically detect and neutralize a biological or chemical threat. Many military applications are also anticipated for emerging urban