声明
摘要
ABSTRACT
Chapter 1 Introduction
1．1 Physiochemical properties of V
1．2 The resources and usage of V
1．3 Toxicity of V and its compounds
1．4 Environmental fate of V
1．5 Research progress of V in coal and coal mining areas
1．6 Overall objective
1．7 Research strategy and technical route
Chapter 2 Samples and methodology
2．1 Introduction of the research area
2．1．1 Huaibei coal mining area
2．1．2 Huai River in Huainan coal minmg area
2．1．3 Typical petroleum-producing region
2．2 Samples
2．2．1 Coal samples
2．2．2 Coal gangue samples
2．2．3 Sediment core
2．2．4 Soil samples
2．2．5 Aquatic organism samples
2．3 Methodology
2．3．1 Proximate and ultimate analysis
2．3．2 Elemental analysis
2．3．3 Leaching test
2．3．4 Simulated combusfion experiment
2．3．5 Sequential chemical extraction procedure
2．3．6 Stable isotope analysis
2．3．7 Geochronology
2．3．8 Quality control
2．3．9 Statistical analysis
2．3．10 Data analysis
Chapter 3 Abundance，distribution，and enrichment of V in Chinese coals
3．1 Introduction
3．2 Average V abundance in Chinese coals
3．3 Distribution of V in Chinese coals
3．3．1 Distribution of V in coals from different regions
3．3．2 Vanadium abundance in coals of different ages
3．3．3 Vanadium abundance in coals of different ranks
3．4 The enrichment of V in Chinese coals
3．4．2 Enrichment mechanism of V in Chinese coals
3．5 Summary
Chapter 4 Modes of Occurrence of V in coals
4．1 Introduction
4．2 Correlation of V with ash yield
4．3 Correlation of V with major elements
4．4 Modes of occurrence of V in studied coal by sequential extraction
4．4．1 Inorganically associated V
4．4．2 Association with organic matter
4．5 The factors influencing the occurrence of V in coals
4．5．1 Coal rank
4．5．2 Coal-forming environment
4．6 Comparison of chemical speciation between V and Cr
4．6．1 Correlation between Vand Cr
4．6．2 Correlation of the chemical speciation of V and Cr
4．7 Summary
Chapter 5 The behavior of V during coal combustion
5．1 Introduction
5．2 Emission inventory of V by coal consumption
5．2．1 The V emission flux by Chinese and global coal consumption
5．2．2 The global V emission flux by different sectors
5．3 The combustion behavior of V in coal
5．3．1 The distribution of V among difierent coal combustion products
5．3．2 Volatility of V during coal combustion
5．4 Comparison of the combustion behavior between V and Cr
5．5 Summary
Chapter 6 Environmental geochemistry of V in coal mining areas
6．1 Introduction
6．2 Vanadium concentration in coal gangue from Huaibei and Huainan coal mining areas
6．3 Vanadium concentration in soils from Huaibei coal mining area
6．4 Vanadium in sediments in Huai River from Huainan coal mining area
6．4．1 Sedimentation rate
6．4．2 Vanadium concentrations in surface sediments
6．4．3 Temporal characteristics of V in sediments
6．4．4 The fractionation of V in sediments
6．4．5 Enrichment factor and geo-accumulation index
6．5 Vanadium concentration in fish from the Huaibei coal mining area
6．6 Summary
Chapter 7 Environmental geochemistry of V in petroleum-producing areas
7．1 Introduction
7．2 Vanadium concentration in soil from the Yellow River Delta
7．3 Vanadium in fish from the Yellow River Estuary
7．3．1 Concentrations of V in fish from the Yellow River Estuary
7．3．2 Stable isotope values of fish from the Yellow River Estuary
7．3．3 Estimated daily intake of V via fish consumption
7．3．4 The relationship between V and geographical environment
7．4 Vanadium in aquatic organisms from Laizhou Bay
7．4．1 Concentrations of V in aquatic organisms
7．4．2 Stable isotope values of aquatic organisms from Laizhou Bay
7．4．3 Estimated daily intake of V via aquatic organism consumption
7．5 Summary
Chapter 8 Major conclusions and innovations
8．1 Major conclusions
8．1．1 The environmental geochemistry of V in coals
8．1．2 Contamination level and potential risk of V in coal mining areas
8．1．3 Comparison of the environmental geochemistry of V between petroleum-producing areas and coal mining areas
8．2 Innovations
第一章 绪论
1．1 研究背景和意义
1．1．1 研究背景
1．1．2 研究意义
1．2 国内外研究进展
1．2．1 煤中钒的研究进展
1．2．2 煤矿区中的钒的研究进展
1．3 研究目标和内容
1．4 研究思路、技术路线和工作量
1．4．1 研究思路和技术路线
1．4．2 主要工作量
第二章 采样与测试
2．1 研究区概况
2．1．1 淮北煤矿区
2．1．2 淮南煤矿区及淮河淮南段
2．1．3 典型石油产区
2．2 样品采集
2．2．1 煤样品
2．2．2 煤矸石样品
2．2．3 沉积物样品
2．2．4 土壤样品
2．2．5 水生生物样品
2．3 样品分析与测试
2．3．1 煤样的工业分析
2．3．2 元素分析
2．3．3 淋滤实验
2．3．4 模拟燃烧实验
2．3．5 逐级化学提取实验
2．3．6 稳定同位素分析
2．3．7 地质年代学
2．3．8 质量控制
2．3．9 统计分析
2．3．10 数据分析
第三章 中国煤中钒的含量，分布和富集
3．1 前言
3．2 中国煤中钒的平均丰度
3．3 中国煤中钒的分布
3．3．1 不同地区煤中钒的分布
3．3．2 不同成煤时期煤中钒的丰度
3．3．3 不同煤级煤中钒的丰度
3．4 中国煤中钒的富集
3．4．1 中国的富钒煤
3．4．2 中国煤中钒的富集机制
3．5 小结
第四章 煤中钒的赋存状态
4．1 前言
4．2 钒和灰分的关系
4．3 钒与主量元素的关系
4．4 通过逐级提取得到的煤中钒的赋存状态
4．4．1 无机结合态的钒
4．4．2 有机结合态的钒
4．5 影响煤中钒赋存状态的因素
4．5．1 煤级
4．5．2 成煤环境
4．6 钒与铬的化学形态的比较
4．6．1 钒和铬的相关性
4．6．2 铬与钒化学形态的相互关系
4．7 小结
第五章 煤中钒的燃烧行为
5．1 前言
5．2 煤消耗产生的钒释放清单
5．2．1 中国和世界煤消耗中钒的释放
5．2．2 世界不同部门钒的释放清单
5．3 煤中钒的燃烧行为
5．3．1 煤燃烧产物中钒的分布
5．3．2 煤燃烧过程中钒的挥发
5．4 钒和铬的燃烧行为的比较
5．5 小结
第六章 煤矿区中钒的环境地球化学研究
6．1 前言
6．2 两淮煤矿区煤矸石中的钒
6．3 淮北煤矿区土壤中钒的浓度
6．4 淮南煤矿区淮河沉积物中的钒
6．4．1 沉积速率
6．4．2 表层沉积物中钒的浓度
6．4．3 沉积物中钒的年代变化特征
6．4．4 沉积物中钒的化学形态
6．4．5 富集系数和地累积指数
6．5 淮北煤矿区塌陷塘中鱼的钒含量
6．6 小结
第七章 石油产区中钒的环境地球化学
7．1 前言
7．2 黄河三角洲土壤中的钒
7．3 黄河口鱼中的钒
7．3．1 黄河口鱼的钒含量
7．3．2 黄河口鱼中的碳氮同位素
7．3．3 通过鱼消费的每日钒摄入量
7．3．4 钒含量与地理环境的关系
7．4 莱州湾水生生物中的钒
7．4．1 水生生物中的钒含量
7．4．2 莱州湾水生生物中的碳氮同位素
7．4．3 水生生物消费引发的钒摄入量
7．5 小结
第八章 主要结论和创新点
8．1 主要结论
8．1．1 煤中钒的环境地球化学
8．1．2 煤矿区中钒的污染水平和潜在风险
8．1．3 石油产区与煤矿区中钒的环境地球化学的比较
8．2 主要创新点
参考文献
附录
致谢
Acknowledgements
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