声明
Contents
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
SUPLEMENTRY FIGURES
ABSTRACT
摘要
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1．1 What is biochar?
1．2 Why and how is biochar made?
1．3 Rice wheat rotaion，rice paddy and extracted biochar
1．4 Climate Change and biochar movement
1．5 Biochars effects on soil respiration
1．6 Biochar effects on greenhouse gas emission and carbon sequestration
1．7 Biochar effects on plant growth
1．8 Biochar effects on soil microbial biomass carbon
1．9 Biochar effects on soil fertility and plant nutrients
1．10 Biochar effects on soil physical properties
1．11 Statement of the scientific issues and research objectivity
1．12 Research pathway
CHAPTER2 WATER EXTRACTION EFFECTS ON SOIL PROPERTIES AND AVAILABILTY OF MICRONUTRIENTS
2．1 Introduction
2．2 Materials and Methods
2．2．1 Biochar materials
2．2．2 Extracted biochar
2．2．3 Field trial
2．2．4 Soil sampling and analysis
2．2．5 Statistical analysis
2．3 Results
2．3．1 Chemical properties of unextracted and extracted biochars
2．3．2 Soil properties changes
2．3．3 Soil micronutrients
2．4 Discussions
2．4．1 Soil properties effects
2．4．2 Soil micronutrients effects
2．5 Conclusion
CHAPTER 3 WATER EXTRACTION EFFECTS ON CROP GROWTH AND ROOT MORPHOLOGY
3．1 Introduction
3．2 Materials and Methods
3．2．1 Crop traits and yield measurement
3．1 Results
3．2．1 Changes in plant traits
3．2．3 Root morphology
3．2．4 Grain and straw nutrient uptake
3．4 Discussion
3．4．1 Biochar on crop growth
3．4．2 Nutrients uptake with biochar
3．5 Conclusion
CHAPTER 4 WATER-EXTRACTION EFFECTS ON CARBON FRACTION AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
4．1 Introduction
4．2 Materials and Methods
4．2．1 Soil and gas sampling
4．2．2 Calculation for greenhouse gas emissions
4．3 Results
4．3．1 SOC and MBC
4．3．2 Soil respiration and GHG emissions
4．4 Discussion
4．5 Conclusion
4．6 Water extraction effects changes with crop seasons
CHAPTER 5 OVERALL SYNTHESIS AND PERSPECTIVES
5．1 Synthesis of findings
5．2 Confines and research gaps
References
PUBLICATIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
南京农业大学;
