英语非重读央元音的表达及推导

摘要

本文应用不充分赋值理论、音段结构理论、音节结构理论和词库音系学理论对英语中非重读央元音[()]的底层表达及推导过程进行了探讨,并从中发现英语元音系统中存在一个空音段。文章沿用乔姆斯基等对英语非重读央元音存在三个底层来源的假设,深入探讨了三个来源的底层表达方式以及派生过程。根据不充分赋值理论,文章假设英语底层元音系统中存在一个没有部位节点的未充分赋值的空元音,并将之运用于对非重读央元音的解释。该空元音既可存在于底层表达中,亦可通过断除其它元音的部位节点派生得出,还可应音节结构的需求在词末“阻塞音+响辅音”串中插入获得。空元音的这三种出现方式正对应着表层非重读央元音的三种表现方式。因此,非重读央元音被统一认定为空元音的缺省赋值,其在表层的出现源于缺省赋值规则在后词库模块中对空元音的应用,而其在表层的三种表现方式也源于空元音的三种不同来源。从而,文章认定英语底层元音系统中不包括非重读央元音,而包含一个没有部位节点的空元音。该空元音还能解释长元音[():]的底层表达和推导过程,以及非重读央元音鼻化等音系现象。

目录

文摘

英文文摘

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 2 Phonetic and Phonological Properties of Schwa

2.1 Phonetic Properties of Schwa

2.2 Distribution and Manifestation of Schwa

2.2.1 Distribution of Schwa

2.2.2 Alternating Schwa

2.2.3 Non-alternating Schwa

2.2.4 Epenthetic Schwa

2.2.5 Schwa in the Weak Form

2.3 Previous Analyses on the Representation and Derivation of Schwa

2.3.1 Linear Analysis of Schwa

2.3.2 Non-linear Analysis of Schwa

2.3.3 Analysis of Schwa within Lexical Phonology

Chapter 3 Underlying Representation and Derivation of Schwa

3.1 Theoretical Background

3.1.1 Syllable Structure

3.1.2 Stress Assigning Rule

3.1.3 Feature Geometry

3.1.4 Underspecification Theory

3.2 Processes of Derivation

3.2.1 Existence of an Underlyingly Empty Vowel

3.2.2 Derivation of Alternating Schwa

3.2.3 Derivation of Non-alternating Schwa

3.2.4 Derivation of Epenthetic Schwa

3.2.5 Distinction among the Three Types of Schwa Vowels

Chapter 4 The Underlyingly Empty Vowel

4.1 The Underlying Representation and Derivation of [():]

4.2 Nasalization of Schwa

4.3 The Relation among Empty Segment, Syllabification and Stress Assigning Rule

chapter 5 Conclusion

References

Acknowledgement

个人简历(Curriculum Vitae)