声明
Chapter Ⅰ Introduction
1.1 Greenhouse gases
1.2 Greenhouse gases effect
1.2.1 Greenhouse gas emission from agriculture land
1.3 Fertilizers
1.3.1Mineral fertilizer
1.3.2Organic fertilizer
1.3.3 Biofertilizers
1.4 Advantages of manure and chemical fertilizer
1.4.1 Advantages of manure
1.4.2 Advantages of chemical fertilizers
1.5Disadvantages of manure and chemical fertilizer
1.5.1 Disadvantages of manure
1.5.2Disadvantages of chemical fertilizer
1.6 Research objectives
Chapter Ⅱ Materials and methods
2.1 Experimental site
2.2 Experimental layout
2.2.1 Site trees cover crops selection
2.2.1The chamber technique
2.2.2Cover cropping by Brassica rape L
2.2.3Clean tillage(weed control)
2.3Soil and air sampling
2.3.1Soil sample collection
2.3.2 Air sample
2.4 Soil analysis
2.4.1Determination of soil organic carbon
2.4.2 Air flux collection
2.4.3Data analysis
2.4.3Determination of total nitrogen in soil
2.5 Research framework
Chapter Ⅲ Effects of cover crop combined with manure and chemical fertilizer on SOC, NO3--N and NH4+-N content in apple orchard
3.1Variation in SOC content
3.2Variation in NO3--N content
3.3Variation in NH4+-N content
3.4Discussion and conclusion
3.5 Summary
Chapter Ⅳ Effects of cover crop combined with manure and chemical fertilizer on GHG emissions in apple orchard
4.1CO2 emissions in apple orchard
4.2 CH4 fluxes in apple orchard
4.3N2O emissions in apple orchard
4.4Effects of cover crop combined with manure and chemical fertilizer on cumulative GHGs emission in apple orchard
4.5Global warming potential of cover crop combined with manure and chemical fertilizer in apple orchard
4.6Discussion and conclusion
Chapter Ⅴ Summary and recommendation
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendation
参考文献
LIST OF ACRONYMS
致谢
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH