农业合作组织的服务供给与科技转化现状分析及其发展政策研究——以越南湄公河三角洲地区为例

摘要

构建一个行之有效的有利于将农业生产投入与产出管理相连接的组织，对提高农户收入及农业生产效率，意义重大。以农业合作社（简称“合作社”）为代表的农业合作组织就是联结农业投入与产出管理的有效载体。湄公河流域是越南最大的生态农业生产区和粮食主产区，但该流域合作社的发展水平却低于越南其他地区，对当地农业生产发展形成了不利影响。为此，了解这一地区农业合作组织发展现状，研究其在农业科技服务供给过程中的特点及遇到的问题，对完善农业合作组织功能，制定农业合作组织政策具有重要参考价值。
　　农业合作组织在农业生产结构优化、农产品质量提升及生产成本降低等方面扮演着重要角色，对于推进市场经济发展、深化国际经济合作也具有重大意义。从越南当前农业合作社发展情况看，主要是向农民提供服务和转化科技成果。针对这一现状，本文将主要回答以下三个问题:其一，何种服务和科技转化形式最为有效？其二，哪些政策更有助于促进合作社的发展？其三，为了促使合作社功能的充分发挥，哪些政策亟需制定和完善？
　　为此，本文在梳理合作社主要功能及相关理论的基础上，深入分析了越南农业合作社的发展现状，全面解构了影响农业合作社功能发挥的主要因素，最后提出有利于促进湄公河三角洲地区农业经济健康发展的农业合作社顺畅运行的改进方案与政策建议。
　　本文选取了位于湄公河流域的5个省份作为调查地区，分别为前江省、坚江省、同塔省、芹苴省和安江省。每个省份选取2个县，每个县选取3个合作社作为调研对象。调查以访谈形式进行。在每个合作社选取5名相关人员进行问卷调研和访谈，包括合作社经理、合作社成员农户、非合作社成员农户、地区及省区管理机构。访谈资料和调研信息主要用于对合作社的服务成效和科技成果转化成效的分析与评估，共计150份。
　　调研与分析发现，越南政府目前已经出台和实施了多项农业政策用于对全国及湄公河流域农业合作社发展的支持与扶持，并取得了一定的成果。但深入分析发现，在现有政策中，由于政出多门导致了一些政策之间存在重叠重复并影响了政策绩效，还有一些政策偏离了农业和农村实际而降低了实施的可行性。
　　在现有的合作组织运行中，他们向其社员提供了多样化服务，包括农田灌溉、播种、农田保护、农业技术推广、动植物保护、施肥、农药喷洒、土地整理、农产品加工、农产品销售、农业贷款等。然而，由于人力、物力和财力的缺乏以及相关配套政策的缺失，许多服务还未达到合作社社员的期望要求，服务效率也有待进一步提高。针对这些问题，本文从人力资源政策、土地政策、金融政策、合作社投资政策、科技政策以及税收政策等方面出发，提出了旨在提高合作社服务效率及科技转化效率的政策建议。同时，结合合作社服务内容与服务方式，如土地整理、内部融资、施肥与农药服务、动植物保护、农田灌溉、农业技术推广或农业科技成果转化、农产品销售政策等，作者也设计了与之相对应的有利于完善合作社发展和服务体系完善的政策建议。

目录

声明

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES AND MAPS

LIST OF TABLES

ABBREVIATIONS

EQUIVALENTS

摘要

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

1．1 Background

1．2 Objectives of the study

1．3 Assumptions of the study

1．4 Research questions

1．5 Subjects of the study

1．6 Scope of study

1．7 Data sources and data collection methods

1．8 Research Methodology

1．9 Analytical framework of research

1．10 The structure of the study

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2．1 Overview of relevant research

2．2 The basic concepts

2．2．1 Concepts of service and science technology transfer in agricultural production

2．2．2 Theories of science-technology transfer in agricultural production

2．2．3 Theories of cooperation link in agricultural production

2．2．4 Some theoretical perspectives of cooperatives

SUMMARY

3 THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT PROCESS OF COOPERATIVE MOVEMENT IN THE WORLD AND IN VIETNAM

3．1 The formation and development process of cooperative movement in the world

3．2 The formafion and development process of cooperative movement in Vietnam

3．2．1 The formation and development process of cooperative movement in Vietnam

3．2．2 The position and role of ACs in the economy of Vietnam

SUMMARY

4 ANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION OF POLICIES ON AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVE DEVELOPMENT IN VIETNAM

4．1 The basic contents of cooperative development policies

4．1．1 Supporting and encouraging the establishment of cooperatives

4．1．2 Staff training policy

4．1．3 Land policy

4．1．4 Tax policy

4．1．5 Credit policy

4．1．6 Supporting trade promotion activities

4．1．7 Supporting the application and renewal of technologies and raising of technological levels；agricultural，fishery and industrial promotion

4．1．8 Supporting cooperatives to invest in infrastructure in service of production and life of cooperative members and to participate in socio-economic development programs

4．2 Real situation of implementation of cooperative development policies

4．3 The shortcomings of policy contents

4．4 The shortcomings of policy implementation

4．5 The lessons from the real situation of cooperative policies

SUMMARY

5 ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF THE SITUATION OF SERVICE PROVISION AND SCIENCE-TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN ACs IN MEKONG DELTA

5．1 Situation of ACs in Mekong Delta

5．1．1 Number of agricultural，forestry，fishery and salt cooperatives in Mekong Delta

5．1．2 Labor and capital of ACs

5．1．3 Economic efficiency of ACs

5．1．4 The weaknesses of ACs in Mekong Delta

5．2 Situation of service provision and science technology transfer in agricultural production of surveyed ACs

5．2．1 Farmer’s needs for service provision and science-technology transfer in surveyed area

5．2．2 Situation of service provision and science technology transfer in surveyed ACs

5．2．3 Situation of organizing and managing service operations in surveyed ACs

5．2．4 Evaluating the socio-economic efficiency of service activities

5．3 Factors affecting service provision and science technology transfer in ACs in Mekong Delta

5．3．1 Factors affecting internal credit service

5．3．2 Factors affecting input services

5．3．3 Factors affecting output services

5．3．4 Factors affecting science technology transfer services

5．4 Lessons from the real situation of service provision and science technology transfer in ACs in Mekong Delta

SUMMARY

6 EXPERIENCES FROM OTHER COUNTRIES AND LESSONS FOR VIETNAM

6．1 Experiences from Japan

6．2 Experiences from Korea

6．3 Experiences from Thailand

6．4 Experiences from China

6．5 Lessons for Vietnamese ACs

SUMMARY

7 SOLUTIONS AND POLICIES FOR SERVICE PROVISION AND SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER ACTIVITIES OF COOPERATIVES

7．1 General policies for all of the cooperatives

7．1．1 Policy on personnel and human resource training

7．1．2 Land policy

7．1．3 Finance-credit policy

7．1．4 Investment policy for cooperatives

7．1．5 Science and technology policy

7．1．6 Tax policy

7．1．7 Social insurance policy

7．1．8 Marketing policy

7．1．9 Other policies

7．2 Specific policies for each type of service

7．2．1 Policy on land preparation service

7．2．2 Policy on internal credit service

7．2．3 Policy on fertilizers and pesticides providing service

7．2．4 Policy on veterinary and plant protection service

7．2．5 Policy on irrigation service

7．2．6 Policy on agricultural extension service(science technology transfer)

7．2．7 Policy on consumption service

7．2．8 Policy on other services

SUMMARY

8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

8．1 Conclusions

8．2 Recommendations

REFERENCES

THE PUBLISHED RESEARCH WORKS AND SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES OF AUTHOR

APPENDIX

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS