LIQUEFACTION INDUCED LATERAL SPREDING IN THE 1999KOCAEL? EARTHQUAKE, TURKEY: CASE STUDY AROUND THEHOTEL SAPANCA

摘要

The Kocaeli earthquake of August 17, 1999 with a magnitude of 7.4 induced permanent deformation ofground due to both liquefaction and faulting and resulted heavy damage to both superstructures andinfrastructures. This research study was undertaken as the first quantitative measurement of permanentground deformation and associated strain fields induced by ground liquefaction in Turkey. The permanentground deformation was measured through the aerial photogrammetry technique developed by Hamada atseveral sites within the earthquake stricken region. Among them, the area around the Sapanca Vak?f Hotelwas chosen and investigated in this article. In the vicinity of the hotel, 14 new boreholes were drilled inaddition to the existing boreholes by Iller Bank of Turkey. A series of analyses on the liquefactionsusceptibility of the area was carried out by using a method by Japan Roadway and Bridges Society [1].The permanent ground displacements were estimated according to a method proposed by Hamada andWakamatsu [2]. Then the estimations are compared with theoretical predictions and the existing data fromsites obtained in the earthquakes in Japan. These outcomes from the Sapanca Vakif Hotel area arecompared with the existing data from the earthquakes in Japan and it is found that they are quite similar toeach other. Estimations based on seismic coefficient values of 0.3 and 0.4 are quite consistent with eachother.