Biogeochemistry of selenium in natural conditions of Kyrgyzstan

摘要

In the end of 20th century in the connection with increased natural technogenium of biosphere accompanying wide application of mineral fertilizers, accumulation in environment wastes of a mining industry, household wastes and other, technogenium biogeochemical provinces and new associations of chemical elements arise. It is known that sharp deficiency or the surplus in environment of biologically active elements results in diseases of animals, plants and man. On the territory of Kyrgyzstan and other countries biogeochemical provinces with deficiency and surplus of I, F, Cu, V, Ca, Sr, Se and Hg are investigated. The doctrine about biogeochemical provinces finds practical realization in medicine and agriculture (preventive maintenance of endemical diseases, synthesis of medications, manufacture of microfertilizers etc.) (1, 3, 4, 6 - 8, 10, 12 - 14, 16 - 19, 21). The socio-economic transformation of the transitive period in region has changed priority of tasks on protection of environment from pollution. Basic polluters are mining industry, exhaust gases of vehicles, emissions large warm electrical centure (WEC), small boiler-houses and furnaces of the individual sector. For example, owing to inefficient production and irrational processing of minerals in territory of republic was placed in a warehouse in damps and wastes of processing of mineral raw material a plenty of potentially dangerous chemical elements and their compounds (600 millions m~3). In this respect, works on geochemical ecology organisms in natural-technogenium conditions are very important and in the practical attitude, as are connected with ecology-biogeochemical by an estimation of a condition of natural complexes and preventive maintenance of microelements of plants, animals and man (2, 4, 5, 9, 11,22). Taking into account lack of knowledge about interaction ground organisms with geochemical environment, about a place and role of these organisms in ecology-biogeochemical processes, the purpose of researches was formulated to study features of geochemical ecology organisms (ground, water, animals and plants) in natural-technogenium conditions with the various contents of selenium (Se) in environment. The choice of the chemical element Se was caused by its high biological activity. Se plays an important antioxidant role in biosphere. Lack of it or surplus in food circuits render harmful influence on organism. Se as a irreplaceable microelement has the bottom and top critical limits of concentration, and its level in forages and food is normalized (6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 18).