Use of MF/RO Treated Municipal Effluent for Boiler Feed at a Major Refinery in the San Francisco Bay Area

摘要

The East Bay Municipal Utility District (EBMUD) operates an integrated membrane facility atthe Chevron Refinery in Richmond, California. This facility, the Richmond Advanced RecycledExpansion (RARE) water project, uses microfiltration (MF) for suspended solids removal andreverse osmosis (RO) for dissolved solids removal, to produce a high-purity water suitable forboiler feed. The feedwater to the facility consists of nitrified secondary effluent from a municipalwastewater treatment plant. This paper examines several important issues related to treatingmunicipal secondary effluent at an integrated membrane facility including fouling of MF and ROmembranes, and RO permeate pH variability.