Computerized fluoroscopy with zero-dose image updates for minimally invasive femoral diaphyseal fracture reduction

摘要

In this paper, a computerized fluoroscopy with zero-dose image updates for femoral diaphyseal fracture reduction is proposed. It is achieved with a two-step procedure. Starting from a few (normally 2) calibrated fluoroscopic image, the first step, data preparation, automatically estimates the size and the pose of the diaphyseal fragments through three-dimensional morphable object fitting using a parametric cylinder model. The projection boundary of each estimated cylinder, a quadrilateral, is then fed to a region information based active contour model to extract the fragment contours from the input fiuoroscopic images. After that, each point on the contour is interpolated relative to the four vertices of the corresponding quadrilateral, which resulted in four interpolation coefficients per point. The second step, image updates, repositions the fragment projection on each acquired image during bony manipulation using a computerized method. It starts with interpolation of the new position of each point on the fragment contour using the interpolation coefficients calculated in the first step and the new position of the corresponding quadrilateral. The position of the quadrilateral is updated in real time according to the positional changes of the associated bone fragments, as determined by the navigation system during fracture reduction. The newly calculated image coordinates of the fragment contour are then fed to a OpenGL® based texture warping pipeline to achieve a real-time image updates. The presented method provides a realistic augmented reality for the surgeon. Its application may result in great reduction of the X-ray radiation to the patient and to the surgical team.