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Gas Hydrates and Deepwater Operation: Predicting the Hydrate-Free Zone

机译:天然气水合物和深水作业:预测无水合物区域

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The application of extended subsea networks and transportation ofrnunprocessed well-streams are amongst favorable options forrnreducing field development and operational costs. These pipelinesrnnormally convey a cocktail of multiphase fluids, including mixedrnelectrolyte produced water and liquid and gaseous hydrocarbonsrnand may therefore be prone to hydrate formation, which potentiallyrncan block the pipe and lead to serious operational problems. Forrndeep water operation, even saturated saline solutions may notrnprovide the required protection, unless combined with chemicalrninhibitor. The reported data on hydrate formation in mixed salt andrnchemical inhibitor are very limited and in some cases inconsistent.rnIn this work, a model is introduced to predict the hydrate free zonernin mixed salt and chemical inhibitor designed for offshore and deeprnwater applications. The model is based on combination of thernValderrama modification of the Patel-Teja equation of state withrnnon-density dependent mixing rules and a modification of a Debye-rnHückel electrostatic term, which is applied to systems containingrnsalt and chemical inhibitor by correcting the properties of thernaqueous phase such as dielectric constant, density and molecularrnweight. A linear mixing rule is used for determining the dielectricrnconstant of salt-free mixture by introducing an interactionrnparameter (in dielectric constant mixing rule), which is tuned usingrnthe freezing point data of aqueous solutions containing salt andrnorganic inhibitor. The binary interaction parameter between saltrnand organic inhibitor is adjusted using water vapor pressure data inrnthe presence of salt and organic inhibitor. The predictions arerncompared with experimental data and a literature model,rndemonstrating the reliability of the developed model.
机译:扩展海底网络的应用和未加工井流的运输是减少油田开发和运营成本的有利选择。这些管道通常输送多相流体的混合物,包括混合的电解质产生的水以及液态和气态碳氢化合物,因此可能易于形成水合物,这可能会阻塞管道并导致严重的操作问题。对于深水操作,除非与化学抑制剂组合使用,否则即使是饱和盐溶液也可能无法提供所需的保护。关于混合盐和化学抑制剂中水合物形成的报道数据非常有限,在某些情况下是不一致的。在这项工作中,引入了一个模型来预测为离岸和深水应用而设计的不含水合物的混合盐和化学抑制剂。该模型基于Patel-Teja状态方程的rnValderrama修正与非密度相关的混合规则以及Debye-rnHückel静电项的修正的组合,该修正项通过校正水相的性质而应用于含盐和化学抑制剂的系统例如介电常数,密度和分子量。通过引入相互作用参数(在介电常数混合法则中),使用线性混合法则确定无盐混合物的介电常数,该参数使用含盐和有机抑制剂的水溶液的凝固点数据进行调整。在存在盐和有机抑制剂的情况下,可使用水蒸气压力数据来调整盐与有机抑制剂之间的二元相互作用参数。将预测结果与实验数据和文献模型进行比较,证明所开发模型的可靠性。

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