Energy-efficient oxide-confined high-speed VCSELs for optical interconnects

摘要

Principles of energy-efficient high speed operation of oxide-confined VCSELs are presented. Trade-offs between oxide-aperture diameter, current-density, and energy consumption per bit are demonstrated and discussed. Record energy-efficient error-free data transmission up to 40 Gb/s, across up to 1000 m of multimode optical fiber and at up to 85 ℃ is reviewed.