Santa Cruze de la Sierra urban public transport system, urban structure and network restructuring

摘要

Santa Cruz de la Sierra in Bolivia has experienced rapid demographic growth in the past twenty years, becoming the second city in the country. This growth produced a significant extension of the city and an increase in transport demand. Furthermore, the decree of freedom of transport operation has provoked an increase in transport supply, and a proliferation of services, including informal ones. This excessive supply the effect of causing weak rate of returns for operators and increasing social costs.