The effects of exhaust gas emissions from all modes of shipping are a subject of concern for two main reasons. Firstly, they contribute CO_2, causing anthropogenic global climate change and, secondly, other exhaust gas species, e.g. PM, NO_x, SO_x, are detrimental to environmental and human health. This second point is of particular concern where high-levels of shipping activity occur in regions of high population density. To address this, there are a variety of technological mitigation methods and devices. This paper provides an analysis of these technologies in terms of their effectiveness and suitability against a range of exhaust gas species of interest. Furthermore, another approach to reduce harmful emissions is to modify the way in which ships are operated, and this requires accurate prediction of emissions for all operational conditions, machinery and ship types. This paper therefore also reports on research being conducted to predict these emissions.
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