Structure of ecological indicators and indices for sustainable groundwater development

摘要

A system of indicators and indices of groundwater quality sustainability is described. A system of indicators (Pressure-State-Response) worked out by the European Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development was taken as a basis, but was widened due to addition of a new indicator of foresight and also by subdividing all the indicators according to the time of their manifestation (present/future). The response indicator has a more complex structure; it indicates the level of accepted decisions (international, national, regional) and rate of response (planning, operational, proposed). Classification of groundwater sustainability indices has been worked out for authropogenic conditions. These indices characterizing indicators of Pressure and State are subdivided into the following groups: indices of damage, indices of pollution (chemical indices), static indices (hydrogeochemical indices), dynamic indices and indices of interaction. The use of these indicators and indices when assessing and compiling maps of groundwater sustainability has an advantage over other methods due to its representation of complexity and the fact that it is also a stage in a general structure of assessing sustainable development in the studied regions.